induction motors are the most commonly used in the traction industries and electric vehicles, due to their low primary cost, low maintenance costs, and good performance. speed identification is needed for the induction motor drives. however, using of speed sensors in the induction motor drives is associated with problems such as, extra cost, reduced reliability, added mounting space, etc.. ther...

there are fewer problems encountered with optical voltage transducers in comparison with their inductive and capacitive counterparts. although capacitive and inductive transformers are used vastly for the purpose of measurement and protection in the networks, they cause problems such as core saturation and improper transient responses which decrease the accuracy of measurement and eficiency of ...

background the increase in high-risk injections and unsafe sexual behaviors has led to increased hiv infection prevalence among intravenous drug users (idus). the high costs of hiv/aids care and low financial resources necessitate an economic evaluation to make the best decision for the control of hiv/aids. objectives this study was conducted to determine the cost-effectiveness of methadone mai...

Corrosion is a major deterioration mechanism of carbon steel bridges. Multiple maintenance actions have been proposed to meet the safety requirements for bridges subjected corrosion, including preventive maintenance, such as repainting, and essential girder replacement. Recently, corrosion-resistant has adopted bridge construction. However, comprehensive comparison different strategies still an...

The conventional method towards deriving schedule for a fleet of ships to minimize cost alone has the short-coming of not addressing the problem of operation revenue losses associated with delays during maintenance at ships dockyards. In this paper, a preventive maintenance schedule for a fleet of ships that incorporates op-portunity cost is presented. The idea is to assign a penalty cost to al...