The expected amount of DNA polymorphism, measured in terms of the number of nucleotide differences between the two DNA sequences randomly sampled from subpopulations, was studied by using the stepping-stone model and the finite island model, under the assumption that the migration rate is not the same among different subpopulations. The results obtained indicate that the expected amount of DNA ...

This paper examines the permanent and transitory effects of changes in wealth, the top federal marginal income tax rate, and capital gains tax rate on the distribution of Adjusted Gross Income (AGI). This paper establishes the importance of wealth in determining the distribution of AGI, and results here suggest that its effects can negate the permanent effect of a change in both tax rates. Of t...

Evaluating and selecting the right contractors can increase the chances of success of a project and the organization. Considering the intense competition faced by organizations today, proper cost management to enhance profitability and customer satisfaction has attracted a lot of attention. The evaluation of contractors is usually a process thatis based on various criteria.By the end of it, the...

OBJECTIVES Bone loss around dental implants is generally measured by monitoring changes in marginal bone level using radiographs. After the first year of implantation, an implant should have <0.2 mm annual loss of marginal bone level to satisfy the criteria of success. However, the process of measuring marginal bone level on radiographs has a precision of 0.2 mm (or more) owing to variations in...

The approach adopted in this paper in order to measure the US social discount rate is market-driven and relies on trade-offs in financial markets. The underlying assumptions are that public budgets displace the marginal private investment, and that US citizens borrow to finance home mortgages. The average debt capacity of the US citizen, or the representative investor, is 20%. It is argued that...

Marginal adaptation is one of most important criteria for long term clinical success of dental restorations [1]. The presence of marginal discrepancies exposes the luting agent to the oral environment. The larger the marginal discrepancy and the subsequent exposure of the dental luting agent to oral fluids, the more rapid the rate of cement dissolution and microleakage [2]. These marginal irreg...

background and aim: an important criterion for success assessment of implant-supported prostheses is marginal fit. vertical and horizontal discrepancy can result in loosening of the prosthetic screw, crestal bone resorption, peri-implantitis and loss of osseointegration. despite careful attention to waxing, investing, and casting, marginal discrepancies are inevitable. the aim of this study was...

Regional myocardial function following occlusions of the circumflex coronary artery was studied in unanesthetized dogs using minature ultrasonic crystal pairs implanted subendocardially within the left ventricle for measurement of control, marginal, and ischemic lengths. As early as five beats after coronary occlusion, reduced function was apparent in ischemic zones, and an increase in heart ra...

General Equilibrium asset pricing models have a difficult time simultaneously delivering a sizable equity premium, a low and counter-cyclical real risk free rate, as well as cyclical variation in return volatility. To explain these stylized facts, this paper introduces occasionally binding financing constraints that impede producers’ ability to invest in an otherwise standard real business cycl...