Spoken language is full of disfluencies. A frequent sound expressing hesitation is uh (or any variant thereof), but its linguistic status is debated. This article offers a new perspective on hesitation particles. First, the position is defended that they are linguistic signals, hence words, and it is shown that they belong to the larger class of interjections on the basis of a number of qualita...

This paper aims to evaluate the impact of several indices of market structure including entry to barrier, economies of scale and concentration degree on 140 active industries using the digit. Accordingly, we apply three methods including cost disadvantages ratio ( ), Herfindahl–Hirschman concentration index ( ) and Comanor and Willson criterion in order to assess the economies of scale and usin...

Data files often consist of numbers having only a few significant decimal digits, whose information content would allow storage in only 32 bits. However, we may require that arithmetic operations involving these numbers be done with 64-bit floating-point precision, which precludes simply representing the data as 32-bit floating-point values. Decimal floating point gives a compact and exact repr...

Eternity is in love with the productions of time — William Blake, Proverbs of Hell.

Scalability is an important issue in the construction of distributed systems. Shared object spaces provide an elegant and easy-to program abstraction for building applications. However, existing shared object spaces have been realized at the cluster level. Use of centralized components, lack of effective failure handling mechanisms, lack of efficient object lookup mechanisms as well as consiste...

One of the major objections to the standard multiple-recapture approach to population estimation is the assumption of homogeneity of individual “capture” probabilities. Modeling individual capture heterogeneity is complicated by the fact that it shows up as as a restricted form of interaction between lists in the contingency table cross-classifying list memberships for all individuals. Traditio...