conclusions to date, a large number of viruses are proved to trigger innate immunity via tlrs, suggesting that these receptors are likely to be important in the outcome of viral infection. this suggestion is supported by the observation that many viruses have evolved mechanisms not only to evade the innate immune system, but also to subvert it for the benefit of the virus. materials and methods...

For demonstration of cell-mediated immunity and its role in the process of dermatophytosis, 98 patients with acute dermatophytosis (group I) and 131 chronic dermatophytosis patients (group 2) were chosen. In ail patients, lymphocyte transfonnation and skin test were used. 96 members of group I (98%) had positive delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) responses to trichophytin, whereas only 43 ...

brucella is a facultative intracellular pathogen, and brucellosis is commonest zoonotic disease worldwide. brucella species, isolated from domestic animals, are important pathogen for humans. annually, more than 500,000 new cases of brucellosis are reported, and this figure is an underestimate due to extended under-reporting cases in several endemic countries. brucella has a variety of virulenc...

ent pathogens; these mechanisms are mainly secondary to the activation of B lymphocytes and of humoral immunity, or to the activation of cell-mediated immunity. Activation of B lymphocytes, and production of antibodies has been shown to be more useful in defense against cell-free agents and toxins (e.g., pneumococcus; tetanus toxins). In contrast, triggering of cell-mediated immunity appears to...

The plant cell wall is dynamically modified during host–pathogen interactions and acts as a crucial factor controlling immunity. In the context of recently revised models primary walls (PCWs), pectin considered to be important in determining mechanical properties PCWs. A secondary present some types lignin normally strengthen rigidity. this review, we summarize recent advances understanding cel...

We have studied functional alteration of immunocytes in mice following inoculation of Toxocara canis second stage larvae. Results indicated depression of lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to concanavalin-A, phytohemagglutinin and allogeneic non B-cells; however, B-cell polyclonal activation was not affected as indicated by the production of total IgG. In contrast, frequency of antibody ...