The inclusion complexes of cyclodextrins (CDs) with flavones in aqueous solution were investigated by phase solubility measurements. The effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), heptakis (2,6-di-O-methyl) β-cyclodextrin (DM-β-CD) and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD) on the aqueous solubility of three flavones, namely, chrysin, apigenin and luteolin was investigated, respectively. Solubility enh...

In the early nineties the presence of flavonoids in Citrus juices began to attract the attention of a number of researchers, as a result of their biological and physiological importance. This short review will explore two different aspects. The first part will focus on analytical techniques for the characterization of juices from different Citrus fruits regarding their flavonoid content (even i...

A straightforward and atom-economical base-free palladium-catalyzed regioselective direct arylation of coumarins and chromenones is devised. This protocol is compatible with a wide variety of electron-donating and -withdrawing substituents and allows construction of various biologically important flavone and neoflavone backbones.

A study of relationships between the structure of flavones, flavanones, and chalcones and their capacity to induce increased 3,4-benzpyrene (BP) hydroxylase activity in the liver and lung of the rat has been carried out. Appropriate halogenation in creases inducing activity. In the compounds studied, hydroxylation reduces inducing capacity, but the corresponding methoxy compounds are active. Tw...

To better understand the relationship between the chemical structure and biological fate of dietary polyphenols, the hepatic metabolic stability and intestinal absorption of methylated polyphenols, in comparison with unmethylated polyphenols, were investigated in pooled human liver S9 fraction and human colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2) cells. Consistent with previous in vivo studies, the two well ...

Flavones are important secondary metabolites found in many plants. In Lonicera species, flavones contribute both physiological and pharmaceutical properties. However, flavone synthase (FNS), the key enzyme responsible for flavone biosynthesis, has not yet been characterized in Lonicera species. In this study, FNSII genes were identified from Lonicera japonica Thunb. and L. macranthoides Hand.-M...

Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, or Chinese skullcap, has been widely used as a medicinal plant in China for thousands of years, where the preparation from its roots is called Huang-Qin. It has been applied in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, hypertension, hemorrhaging, insomnia, inflammation and respiratory infections. Flavones such as baicalin, wogonoside and their aglycones baicalein wog...