We examined adrenergic regulation in patients with panic disorder by challenging 10 patients and 14 age-matched and sex-matched controls with intravenous infusions of clonidine hydrochloride (2 micrograms/kg), an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist. Growth hormone, 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), blood pressure, heart rate, and behavioral (anxiety, sedation) responses were monitored. The dat...

The present study was aimed to find out the alteration of NE and 5HT systems in depression, if so in the same direction or not and to find out the clinical response to combined therapy of Imipramine and Amitriptyline, both tricyclic antidepressants. The study group consisted of 39 depressives as defined by I. C. D. 9 and 17 normal controls. Hamilton Depression Rating Scale was used to assess th...

Traditional paste filling materials adopt industrial solid wastes such as unclassified tailings and waste rocks aggregates, but the binder used is dominantly commercial cement, which raises cost. Hemihydrate phosphogypsum (HPG) one of main by-products phosphorus chemical industry, high-efficiency utilisation technology HPG has been a problem worldwide. The potential gelling property found in la...

It remains unclear whether the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems may be implied in suicide attempt risk. In addition, although serotonergic system has been extensively studied, no formal meta-analysis performed to examine its association with attempt. Using PRISMA methodology, we a systematic literature review random-effects meta-analyses of differences cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels 5-H...

INTRODUCTION Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a non-invasive and easily tolerated method of altering cortical physiology. To date, numerous open and sham controlled clinical trials have explored the antidepressant potential of rTMS. In the present study, we investigated clinical trials of high-frequency rTMS (20 Hz) for treatment of refractory depression, and also examined...

objective(s):the relationship between tramadol, as an antinociceptive drug, and locus coeruleus (lc), the main noradrenergic nucleus of the brain that affects regulation and modulation of pain through descending noradrenergic pathways was investigated. materials and methods: male sprague-dawley rats were divided into four groups of 10 rats. the rats were fixed in stereotaxic instrument and then...

This experiment was designed to explore whether brain norepinephrine (NE) serves as a specific reward system for the power drive. Previous research has indicated that 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl glycol (MHPG), a urinary metabolite reflecting central NE turnover, is positively correlated with features of assertiveness which one might expect of a person high in the need for power (n power) or in a ...

Acetylcholine esterase, al-antichymotrypsin, homovanillic acid (HVA), 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylenglycol (MHPG), norepinephrine, dopa­ mine, 5-hydroxy-indolacetic acid (5-HIAA), and 7-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were quantified. Posi­ tive wave with the latency about 300 msec (P300) and electroencephalog­ raphy (EEG) were examined in 10 patients with Alzh...

Many smokers find it difficult to stop smoking without assistance. The antidepressants bupropion and nortriptyline can aid smoking cessation. The main aim of this study was to understand the pathophysiology of smoking cessation better based on biological backgrounds. We investigated the following biological markers for any alterations during smoking cessation in the absence of pharmacotherapy: ...