Introduction 528 Method evaluation 528 Sample collection 530 Isolation methods 530 Preenrichment 530 Enrichment 531 Agar plates 531 Methods for bacterial counts 532 Pathogenic bacteria 533 Campylobacter 533 Clostridium perfringens 536 Listeria 536 Salmonella 537 Spoilage microorganisms 538 Mesotrophic bacteria 538 Psychrotrophic bacteria 539 Yeasts and molds 539 Application of molecular techniq...

PURPOSE Microbial products stimulate the immune system by interacting with Toll-like receptors (TLR) on antigen-presenting cells. This study examined the hypothesis that microbial products, which function as TLR ligands, are playing a major role in triggering pathogenic autoimmunity. METHODS An experimental system was developed in which microbial TLR ligands were tested in vivo for their capa...

Synthetic biology offers a new path for the exploitation and improvement of natural products to address the growing crisis in antibiotic resistance. All antibiotics in clinical use are facing eventual obsolesce as a result of the evolution and dissemination of resistance mechanisms, yet there are few new drug leads forthcoming from the pharmaceutical sector. Natural products of microbial origin...

A synthesis of carolacton, a myxobacterial natural product that has profound effects on Streptococcus mutans biofilms, is reported. The synthesis proceeds via a longest linear sequence of 14 steps from an Evans β-ketoimide and enabled preliminary evaluations of the effects of late-stage intermediates on S. mutans biofilms. These studies suggest that further investigations into carolacton's stru...

the usage of antimicrobial materials for coating meat products, in addition to reducing the microbial population and increase of the quality safety of products, be greatly reduced usage of nitrites as preservatives and synthetic carcinogens. compounds that have antimicrobial activity can be mixed, stabilized or incorporated with edible coatings. spices and vegetable extracts are also a group of...