An important challenge in software reengineering is to encapsulate collections of related data that, due to the absence of appropriate constructs for encapsulation in legacy programming languages, may be distributed throughout the code. The encapsulation of such collections is a necessary step for reengineering a legacy system into an objectoriented design or implementation. Encapsulating a set...

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Pax6, a member of the paired-box family of transcription factors, is critical for oculogenesis in both vertebrates and insects. Identification of potential vertebrate Pax6 targets has been guided by studies in Drosophila, where the Pax6 homologs eyeless ( ey ) and twin of eyeless ( toy ) function within a network of genes that synergistically pattern the developing fly eye. These targets, which...

Since quantifiers have the ability of summarizing the properties of a class of objects without enumerating them, linguistic quantification is a very important topic in the field of high level knowledge representation and reasoning. This paper introduces a new framework for modeling quantifiers in natural languages in which each linguistic quantifier is represented by a family of fuzzy measures,...

THIS PAPER PROPOSES PARTIAL ANSWERS TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS: in what senses can fitness differences plausibly be considered causes of evolution?What relationships are there between fitness concepts used in empirical research, modeling, and abstract theoretical proposals? How does the relevance of different fitness concepts depend on research questions and methodological constraints? The pape...