BACKGROUND Ethylene glycol (EG) is a bulk chemical that is mainly used as an anti-freezing agent and a raw material in the synthesis of plastics. Production of commercial EG currently exclusively relies on chemical synthesis using fossil resources. Biochemical production of ethylene glycol from renewable resources may be more sustainable. RESULTS Herein, a synthetic pathway is described that ...

In this work; a response surface methodology (RSM) was implemented to investigate the process variables in a hydrogen production system. The effects of five independent variables; namely the temperature (X₁); the flow rate (X₂); the catalyst weight (X₃); the catalyst loading (X₄) and the glycerol-water molar ratio (X₅) on the H₂ yield (Y₁) and the conversion of glycerol to gaseous products (Y₂)...

Kojic acid is widely used to inhibit the browning effect of tyrosinase in cosmetic and food industries. In this work, synthesis of kojic monooleate ester (KMO) was carried out using lipase-catalysed esterification of kojic acid and oleic acid in a solvent-free system. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) based on central composite rotatable design (CCRD) was used to optimise the main important re...

Using resting cells of Rhodococcus rhodochrous J1, in which a large amount of nitrilase is induced, a simple and efficient bioconversion process for the production of pyrazinoic acid, an antimycobacterial agent, through catalysis by a nitrilase was developed. The reaction conditions for production of pyrazinoic acid were optimized. Under optimum conditions, 3.5 M cyanopyrazine was converted to ...

Ginsenoside Rd was produced from ginsenoside Rc using a thermostable recombinant alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Caldicellulosiruptor saccharolyticus. The optimal reaction conditions for the production of ginsenoside Rd from Rc were pH 5.5, 80 degrees C, 227 U enzyme/ml, and 8.0 g/l ginsenoside Rc in the presence of 30% (v/v) n-hexane. Under these conditions, the enzyme produced 7.0 g/l ginsen...

Comparative studies on chlorination and methylation reactions have been carried out to afford chloromethyl(methyl)silanes. For chlorination reactions, three types of initiators, viz., azobisisobutyronitrile, benzoyl peroxide and dicumyl peroxide have been studied at different reaction conditions, e.g., solvent, temperature, time duration of reaction and molar ratio of reactants in view to get o...

A novel thermotolerant lipase from Bacillus aerius was immobilized on inexpensive silica gel matrix. The immobilized lipase was used for the synthesis of biodiesel using castor oil as a substrate in a solvent free system at 55°C under shaking in a chemical reactor. Several crucial parameters affecting biodiesel yield such as incubation time, temperature, substrate molar ratio, and amount of lip...

1. Molar growth-yield coefficients of Zymomonas mobilis for glucose, fructose, glucose plus fructose, and sucrose are reported. Yield coefficients for sucrose are appreciably lower than those for the equivalent concentrations of glucose plus fructose. 2. Only 2.6% of [U-(14)C]glucose supplied in the growth medium is incorporated into cell substance by Z. mobilis utilizing glucose as the energy ...

Hydrothermal synthetic were studied for the preparation of coordination polymeric material basedon Ag (I) and 4, 4"-bipy. A polymeric compound [Ag (4, 4'-bipy)].NO3. (I), was prepared andstructurally characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Compound 1(91% yield) was isolatedfrom the reaction of AgNO3 with 4, 41bipy in 2:1 molar ratio. In compound I. each silver (I) islinked to two nit...