BACKGROUND The somatic embryogenesis tissue culture process has been utilized to propagate high yielding oil palm. Due to the low callogenesis and embryogenesis rates, molecular studies were initiated to identify genes regulating the process, and their expression levels are usually quantified using reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR). With the recent release of oil palm g...

BACKGROUND Cystic echinococcosis is highly prevalent in northwest China. A cost-effective, easy to operate diagnostic tool with high sensitivity and specificity would greatly facilitate the monitoring of Echinococcus infections in canine definitive hosts. METHODS The primers used in the LAMP assay were based on the mitochondrial nad5 gene of E. granulosus sensu stricto (E. granulosus s.s., or...

Currently, the information on the gene pool of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) at the northeastern edge of its distribution in Poland is scarce and insufficient. Using the advantage provided by markers with different modes of inheritance, a hypothesis that gene flow via both seeds and pollen contributed to the genetic structure across the entire analyzed region was investigated. The geographic di...

Sequencing mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes has become an integral part in understanding the genomic machinery and the phylogenetic histories of green algae. Previously, only three chloroplast genomes (Oltmannsiellopsis viridis, Pseudendoclonium akinetum, and Bryopsis hypnoides) and two mitochondrial genomes (O. viridis and P. akinetum) from the class Ulvophyceae have been published. Here,...

Background and Aims: Certification programs of plant propagating materials rely on faster, cheaper and more importantly sensitive and reliable methods for detection of systemic pathogens as indicated in national and/or international health standards of plant propagating materials. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) has been documented as an alternative assay for certific...

Minute intestinal flukes, Haplorchis taichui and H. pumilio, belong to the family Heterophyidae (Trematoda: Platyhelminthes), which have been studied very limited, especially molecular markers of mitochondrial genomes (mtDNA) ribosome transcription units (rTU or rDNA). We obtained complete genome coding part unit pumilio Vietnam. Nucleotide amino acid data were compared between Metagonimus yoko...

A latitudinal gradient of decreasing species diversity from the tropics toward the poles is considered to be one of the few truly general patterns in biogeography and ecology (Rosenzweig, 1995). As a result, a voluminous body of literature has accumulated over the last 30 years, dedicated to explaining the basis of the latitudinal gradient (Rohde, 1992). Substantial progress has been made towar...

previously grouped with the flatworms. Several lines of molecular evidence have suggested that this association is incorrect and that they diverged early from all other triploblasts. However, each one of these analyses may have been affected by the rapid evolution of the acoelomorph sequences which would tend systematically to attract them artefactually towards the base of the tree. Finally, tw...

The complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of Cnaphalocrocis medinalis and Chilo suppressalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) were determined and analyzed. The circular genomes were 15,388 bp long for C. medinalis and 15,395 bp long for C. suppressalis. Both mitogenomes contained 37 genes, with gene order similar to that of other lepidopterans. Notably, 12 protein-coding genes (PCGs) utilized th...

How coniferous trees in northern China changed their distribution ranges in response to Quaternary climatic oscillations remains largely unknown. Here we report a study of the phylogeography of Pinus tabulaeformis, an endemic and dominant species of coniferous forest in northern China. We examined sequence variation of maternally inherited, seed-dispersed mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) (nad5 intron ...