Background: Martin-Gruber anastomosis (MGA) is the well known anostomosis that occur at the various levels between the median and ulnar nerves. This anastomosis involves axons leaving either the main trunk of median nerve or the anterior interosseous nerve, crossing through the forearm to join the ulnar nerve. Knowledge of the incidence of this anastomosis is necessary because MGA can cause con...

Retinal vein occlusion (RVO) refers to the of central retinal or primary and secondary branches caused by multiple factors. Clinical treatments for it include intravitreal systemic vasodilator application, local usage steroids NSAID (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), thrombolysis, hemodilution, laser photocoagulation, vitrectomy with vascular sheath incision, chorioretinal venous anastomo...

The design of neural prostheses to restore standing balance, prevent foot drop, or provide active propulsion during ambulation requires detailed knowledge of the distal sciatic nerve anatomy. Three complete sciatic nerves and branches were dissected from the piriformis to each muscle entry point to characterize the branching patterns and diameters. Fascicle maps were created from serial section...

INTRODUCTION Since its inception, reduction mammaplasty has matured considerably. Primary evolution in clinical research and practice has focused on preserving tissue viability. Surgery involves preserving not only tissue viability but also function and sensation. The nipple serves as the sensate unit of the breast and is a valuable part of women's psychological and sexual health, making preser...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The purpose of the study is to study the nerve conductivity of the tibial motor, peroneal motor, peroneal sensory, and sural nerves in patients with primary and secondary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). SUBJECTS Twenty each: primary RP, secondary RP, and normal controls. METHODS Electromyography using distal latency (DL) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) as dependent var...

We have charted the embryonic development of the epidermal receptive fields of the PV and PD mechanosensory neurons present in each segmental ganglion of the ventral nerve cord of the glossiphoniid leech Haementeria ghilianii. The receptive field of either of these neurons is established by several peripheral axons, each of which grows into its own skin territory, so that the receptive field is...

Introduction: Repair of peripheral nerve injuries is an intensive area of challenge and research in modern reconstructive microsurgery. Intensive research is being carried out to develop effective alternatives to the standard nerve autografting, avoiding its drawbacks. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a newly designed mechanical device for the reconstruction of the...