Ad hoc networks are multi-hop wireless networks without a pre-installed infrastructure. Such networks are widely used in military applications and in emergency situations as they permit the establishment of a communication network at very short notice with a very low cost. Video is very sensitive for packet loss and wireless ad-hoc networks are error prone due to node mobility and weak links. H...

A Wireless Sensor Network consists of several tiny devices which have the capability to sense and compute the environmental phenomenon. These sensor nodes are deployed in remote areas without any physical protections. A Wireless Sensor Network can have various types of anomalies due to some random deployment of nodes, obstruction and physical destructions. These anomalies can diminish the sensi...

In the recent decade, special attention is paid to reverse logistic due to economic benefits of recovery and recycling of used products as well as environmental legislation and social concerns. On the other hand، many researches claim that separately and sequential planning of forward and reverse logistic causes sub-optimality. Effective transport activities are also one of the most important c...

Energy constraint is the biggest challenge in wireless sensor networks because the power supply of each sensor node is a battery that is not rechargeable or replaceable due to the applications of these networks. One of the successful methods for saving energy in these networks is clustering. It has caused that cluster-based routing algorithms are successful routing algorithm for these networks....

A wireless ad hoc network typically refers to any set of wireless networks where all devices have equal status on a network and are free to associate with any other wireless ad hoc network devices in their range. As the nature of these networks, they commonly do not have external power supplies, and each node has a limited internal power source. In this paper, we put forward a new routing proto...