background and objectives : shigella, causative of bacillary dysentery, has two colony forms. the loss of large virulence plasmid from virulent shigella sonnei form i, during cell storage and subculturing, lead to avirulent form ii. environmental factors, e.g. culture media composition, could affect the conversion of the bacterial forms. materials and methods : in this study, some components, i...

known cholesterol-associated drug while also lowering triglycerides, total cholesterol, and very-low-density lipoprotein. However, there are many more uses for niacin, which have been overlooked by conventional mediAbstract A reduced niacin-mediated !ush is increasingly accepted today as a positive diagnostic indicator for schizophrenia. Schizophrenics that were successfully treated with high d...

Growth of animals receiving diets low in protein and nicotinic acid may be retarded by the addition of corn products (l-4), of certain amino acids (5-9), or of proteins deficient in tryptophan (8-11). This inhibition, which is obtained with diets relatively deficient in tryptophan, can be overcome by the administration of nicotinic acid or of tryptophan (l-11). It has been suggested that this d...

In 1945, Krehl et al. (1) observed that tryptophan and nicotinic acid were mutually interchangeable, within limits, in supporting the growth of rats. Since that time considerable evidence has accumulated which demonstrates the biosynthesis of niacin from tryptophan in the rat and other animals. Studies with Neurospora and mammals have demonstrated that the pathway from tryptophan goes through k...

Application o f [6 14C]or [7-14C]nicotinic acid to parsley cell suspension cultures led to the accumulation of labelled nicotinamide m ononucleotide, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, nicotinamide N-riboside, nicotinamide and nicotinic acid, indicating the operation of the pyridine nucleotide cycle in these cells. A s main conjugates, nicotinic acid N-glucoside and nicotinic acid glucose ester...

Leuconostoc mesenteroides is a heterofermentative Grampositive bacterium that plays key roles in fermentation of foods such as kimchi, sauerkraut, and milk, leading to the production of various organic acids and aromatic compounds. To study the microbiological and genomic characteristics of L. mesenteroides, we have developed a new chemically defined minimal medium by using the single omission ...

While studying the nicotinic acid-tryptophan relationship in rats on low casein rations containing choline (2), yellowish livers were observed on autopsy. These livers upon analysis were found to contain 16 per cent lipide. When an amino acid mixture containing threonine, valine, and histidine was added to the ration, normal liver lipides were found. A systematic study of the effects of these a...

Adult-type nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) mediate signalling at mature neuromuscular junctions and fetal-type AChRs are necessary for proper synapse development. Each AChR has two neurotransmitter binding sites located at the interface of a principal and a complementary subunit. Although all agonist binding sites have the same core of five aromatic amino acids, the fetal site has ∼30...