Nails are underutilized as diagnostic tools, despite being involved in many dermatologic conditions. This paper explores new concepts in the treatment of median nail dystrophy (MND), onychomycosis, and the nail pathology of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD). A Pubmed database literature search was conducted for MND treatment, onychomycosis treatment, and HFMD nail pathology. Only papers publ...

Pemphigus vegetans is a rare variant of deep acantholytic pemphigus which usually presents with vesiculobullous rash and vegetative plaques on the folds. We report a case of pemphigus vegetans patient who presented with rashes on tips of fingers and toes resembling paronychia and onychomadesis that misled the diagnosis for months. The final diagnosis of Hallopeau-type pemphigus vegetans was mad...

Immunoglobulin class switch recombination deficiencies (Ig CSR deficiencies) or Hyper IgM syndromes (HIGM) are a group of primary immunodeficiency diseases, characterized by defective CD40 signaling of B cells, resulting in reduced CSR and somatic hypermutation. The affected patients are characterized by low serum levels of IgG and IgA, and normal or elevated levels of IgM, which lead to an inc...

8. Ishii K, Amagai M, Komai A, Ebihara T, Chorzelski TP, Jablonska S, et al. Desmoglein 1 and desmoglein 3 are the target autoantigens in herpetiform pemphigus. Arch Dermatol. 1999;135:943--7. 9. Nakashima H, Fujimoto M, Watanabe R, Ishiura N, Yamamoto AI, Hashimoto T, et al. Herpetiform pemphigus without antidesmoglein 1/3 autoantibodies. J Dermatol. 2010;37:264--8. 10. O’ Toole EA, Mak LL, Gu...

Mr J.J., a 32-year-old Iraqi presented for investigation of anhidrosis. In 1967 he first developed a pruritic erythroderma with exfoliation, alopecia, nail loss and mucosal ulceration. There was no history of drug ingestion. Recovery was gradual. Since 1968 the patient has been unable to sweat. As a result he is heat intolerant, with 10 min in a hot environment causing palpitation, headache and...