His study aims to examine whether the financial structure is influenced by asset structure, operating leverage, tax expense, and retained earnings at PT. Tona. The results of this reveal that assets, all affect

The banks’ response to their changes in leverage ratios is examined and evaluated in this paper. This reaction can be interpreted as if the coefficient of total debts to equity (lev1) and total assets to equity (lev2) are positive as anticipated in the banking network of Iran. The paper uses data from 31 Iranian banks’ annual databases during the course of 2006-13 in order to estimate an empiri...

This study investigates the effect of intra-organizational and macroeconomic factors on banking leverage in selected Iranian banks. For this purpose, after calculation of the Banking Leverage for each bank, by using Random-Coefficients Approach (Swamy model), the impact of explanatory variables during the period of 1999-2016 was examined separately by 10 selected Iranian public and private bank...

The detection of influential observations for the standard least squares regression model is a question that has been extensively studied. LAD regression diagnostics offers alternative approaches whose main feature is the robustness. In this paper a new approach for nonparametric detection of influencial observations in LAD regression models is presented and compared with other classical method...

Following EU’s Lisbon strategy development of knowledge-based economy has become one of the headline objectives for the government of Latvia. In this paper we conceptualize driving forces and responses of government’s commitment towards this objective. We investigate feedback loops that underlie dynamics of knowledge industry development. Increase in domestic Research and Development (R&D) acti...

vision and then adopted after an extensive design process. OISD may serve to be a more powerful model of change in that it capitalizes on powerful system concepts such as positive feedback and key leverage points, while still retaining a pragmatic orientation. The six phases of OISD are described below. The phases are loose and overlapping; they naturally would probably occur in sequential orde...

Notwithstanding the usefulness of system dynamics in analyzing complex policy problems, policy design is far from straightforward and in many instances trialand-error driven. To address this challenge, we propose to combine system dynamics with network controllability, an emerging field in network science, to facilitate the detection of effective leverage points in system dynamics models and th...