background and aims: safflower (carthamus tinctorius l.)from asteraceae family has different biological activities including analgesic, antidepressant, anti-inflammatory, antispasmodic and neuroprotective effects. this study designed to evaluate its effect on naloxone -induced morphine withdrawal signs. methods: in this experimental study, male nmri mice (25-30 g) were randomly divided into 5 g...

cancer pain. The oral route is the first choice in administering medication to relieve it, but clinical experience has shown that alternative routes of administration should be employed for patients suffering from nausea and vomiting. Furthermore, as morphine is subjected to the extensive first-pass metabolism after oral administration, the rectal administration of morphine, which can partially...

hanges in the concentration of either brain or blood glucose level appear to modulate antinociceptive and basal nociceptive processes. There are some contradictory data about the effect of diabetes on morphine antinociception. In this study the effects of alloxan-induced diabetes on morphine analgesia, tolerance and dependency were investigated, with a view to clarify the contradictions. Materi...

introduction: the relation between morphine and nitric oxide release has been shown. due to important role of nitric oxide in regulation of skin blood flow, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (l-name) and nitric oxide synthesis precursor (l-arginine) on skin blood flow of intact and morphine-dependent rats. methods: skin blood flow of hind paw...

We report a randomized double-blind comparison of controlled-release morphine tablets (MST-1; 2 x 10 mg) and oral morphine sulphate in solution (20 mg) in 28 patients (20 females) who had undergone removal of impacted lower third molars or a dental clearance under general anaesthetic. The response in both groups was very poor: eight of 15 patients in MST-1 group and six of 13 patients in the st...

Sustained-release oral morphine sulphate (MST) 20 mg was administered to 11 healthy volunteers. Mean peak plasma morphine concentration was 14.8 ng ml-1, and occurred at a mean time of 142.5 min after ingestion. Analgesia assessed by an ischaemic forearm pain test increased to a maximum approximately 40 min after the calculated peak plasma concentration of morphine had been achieved, and remain...

Introduction: The influence of morphine on pituitary secretion through µmu receptors has been nearly known. It is also reported that morphine has an effect on cell proliferation. In the present study we investigated the effect of morphine on the proliferation of acidophil cells of adenohypophysis in male rat. Method: This study has been carried out on 14 adult male Wistar rats divided into two ...

Patients with advanced gastrointestinal and pelvic malignancies commonly present with pain of varying severity. In a majority of these patients, pain can be effectively managed using an integrated systemic pharmacological approach with oral morphine being the cornerstone of treatment. However, with escalating doses, intolerable side effects of oral morphine may lead to patient dissatisfaction. ...

background: chronic abuse of opiates induces dependency, but the neurobiological mechanisms of this event remain unclear. the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of intracerebroventricular of venlafaxine on the morphine dependence and pain perception. methods: a total of 80 adult male rats were divided into two major groups: (1) 40 of them was divided into groups of positive control (...