contraceptive patches have become a frequently used contraceptive method. we present a mathematical model that describes the serum concentration profiles of norelgestromin (ngmn) and ethinylestradiol (ee) released from the contraceptive patch ortho evra®. we propose a simple one-compartment model based on pharmacokinetics data reported in previous studies. the model assumes a time-dependent rel...

Adverse changes in rangeland vegetation can be considered as one of the criteria for land degradation. Some of these changes can be evaluated through monitoring the spatial changes of landscape parameters. This study aimed to investigate the landscape changes in Kezab rangelands of Yazd province, central Iran. Landsat satellite images of 1990, 2002, and 2013, and landscape metrics including Tot...

Land-use changes result from in the human population, their activities, and social environmental which occur a complex dynamic manner. The change of forested areas to non-forested areas, also known as deforestation, is land-use change. Deforestation influences land cover by creating specific distribution pattern (fragmentation). Almost entire forest has been fragmented into smaller but each the...

Background: The standard patch test is known as the most reliable test to identify and confirm causative agents of allergic contact dermatitis (ACD). Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of specific allergens varies by geographic area. The results of patch test in patients visiting our dermatology clinics with suspected ACD were prospectively investigated and compared with those repo...

Quantifying landscape pattern and its change is essential for the monitoring and assessment of ecological consequences of land use change and human interference. The changing characteristics of landscape structure in the Haihe River Basin (HRB), China, during 1990 to 2000 were detected by using satellite remote sensing based land use data. Key landscape indices were selected to characterize the...

Roads are conspicuous components of landscapes and play a substantial role in defining landscape pattern. Previous studies have demonstrated the link between roads and their effects on ecological processes and landscape patterns. Less understood is the relationship between landscape patterns imposed by the network in relation to road network configuration, spatial heterogeneity etc. Our hypothe...

Conservation of species in fragmented landscapes often is guided by spatially realistic metapopulation theory. However, convincing cases of metapopulation dynamics are uncommon, especially for vertebrates. Moreover, there is concern that the patch area and isolation paradigm for metapopulations is an oversimplification for heterogeneous landscapes. We tested predictions from metapopulation theo...

This article presents a high gain patch antenna with negative refractive index (NRI) superstrate for the application of Radio frequency energy harvesting system. Triangular split ring resonators (TSRR)-strip line are used as a NRI superstrate to enhance the gain of the patch antenna. It is demonstrated that the proposed triangular split ring resonator (TSRR) structure metamaterial yields negati...