1. The presence of clasmatocytes in the adventitial sheath of the blood vessels of the normal brain has been shown. Thus far, these are the only mesodermal phagocytes, the presence of which in the central nervous system has proven to be demonstrable by the supravital technique. 2. The clasmatocytes are vacuolated even normally. 3. The vacuolation increases in the clasmatocytes of the whole brai...

Objective To assess the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) patterns associated with central nervous system infection with Cryptococcus sp. in relation to patient immune status. Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of MRI data for 19 patients with neurocryptococcosis who underwent the examination between January 2000 and March 2014. The MRI characteristics examined included lesio...

SUMMARY: Cystic parenchymal lesions may pose an important diagnostic challenge, particularly when encountered in unexpected locations. Dilated perivascular spaces, which may mimic cystic neoplasms, are known to occur in the inferior basal ganglia and mesencephalothalamic regions; a focal preference within the subcortical white matter has not been reported. This series describes 15 cases of pati...

OBJECTIVE To test the therapeutic activity of perivascular transplantation of encapsulated human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in an immunocompetent mouse model of limb ischemia. APPROACH AND RESULTS CD1 mice underwent unilateral limb ischemia, followed by randomized treatment with vehicle, alginate microbeads (MBs), MB-encapsulated MSCs (MB-MSCs), or MB-MSCs engineered with glucagon-like pep...

Perivascular epithelioid cell neoplasms (PEComa) are rare mesenchymal tumors that can occur in any part of the body and have unpredictable pathological behavior. They are usually benign, but may be malignant. We present a case of malignant PEComa of the pelvic retroperitoneum treated with radical surgery.

The paravascular pathway, also known as the "glymphatic" pathway, is a recently described system for waste clearance in the brain. According to this model, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) enters the paravascular spaces surrounding penetrating arteries of the brain, mixes with interstitial fluid (ISF) and solutes in the parenchyma, and exits along paravascular spaces of draining veins. Studies have sh...

BACKGROUND Cystic masses in the posterior fossa are ominous appearing lesions with broad differential diagnosis. Giant tumefactive perivascular spaces (GTPS) are rarely occurring pathological findings in the posterior fossa with unclear etiology and ill-defined long-term prognosis. CASE DESCRIPTION We present a case of a 15-year-old male diagnosed with posterior fossa GTPS. The patient remain...

Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) can be devastating and associated intraparenchymal hematomas significantly increase the likelihood of neurological deficit. We report a case of a patient with an aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage and a brainstem hematoma, but suffering only minimal sensory deficits. Our hypothesis is that the apparent brainstem hematoma was actually subarachnoid blood i...

Transvascular transport has been studied with atherogenic, tracer, and inert compounds such as low-density lipoprotein, horseradish peroxidase, and albumin, respectively. Few studies used vasoactive compounds, and virtually all studies examined entry from the lumen and not from the perivascular space. We compared several mechanisms that govern arterial heparin deposition after administration to...