The charge-pump circuit is an important component in a phase-locked loop (PLL). The charge-pump converts Up and Down signals from the phase/frequency detector (PFD) into current. A conventional CMOS charge-pump circuit consists of two switched current sources that pump charge into or out of the loop filter according to two logical inputs. The mismatch between the charging current and the discha...

For extremely-scaled CMOS technologies, supply voltages well below 1V will be required to maintain reliability [1]. Analog and RF design with standard devices then becomes very challenging because of the significant reduction in both the available signal swing and the available overdrive for biasing. We present ultralow-voltage design techniques that maintain all node voltages between the suppl...

This paper describes the implementation of a differential Continuous Phase FSK (CPFSK) detector suitable for Low-IF receiver architectures. By using both in-phase and quadrature channels the double frequency term resulting after differential detection can be avoided. The digital detector assumes limited I/Q input signals which are 16 times oversampled. The proposed detector can be used for CPFS...

This paper demonstrates a pulse width controlled PLL without using an LPF. A pulse width controlled oscillator accepts the PFD output where its pulse width controls the oscillation frequency. In the pulse width controlled oscillator, the input pulse width is converted into soft thermometer code through a time to soft thermometer code converter and the code controls the ring oscillator frequency...

We introduce the class of anti-coordination games, including the hawk-dove game as a special case. A symmetric two-player game is said to have the anti-coordination property if any worst response to a mixed strategy is in the support of that mixed strategy. Every anti-coordination game has a unique interior Nash equilibrium. We investigate stability of the static equilibrium under several dynam...

– This note documents the monolithic power bridge for high-temperature applications implemented within the TERMIS project. This bridge is intended to drive a double-winding Dc brushless motor. The partially depleted 1.0µ µ µ µm-SOI CMOS technology used (X-FAB CI10HS) includes complementary low-voltage MOSFETs, and lateral high-voltage N-channel MOSFETs. The bridge elements (power transistors, s...

The Protein Folding Database (PFD) is a publicly accessible repository of thermodynamic and kinetic protein folding data. Here we describe the first major revision of this work, featuring extensive restructuring that conforms to standards set out by the recently formed International Foldeomics Consortium. The database now adopts standards for data acquisition, analysis and reporting proposed by...

The national forest sector: context and issues Productive closed forests on drained land in Cameroon cover about 17.5 million hectares (Eba’a Atyi 1998). A zoning plan drafted in 1993 divided the national territory into a permanent forest domain (PFD) and a non-permanent forest domain (NPFD). The bulk of annual timber production is harvested in about 100 Forest Management Units (FMU) inside the...

We now know that the addition of a concept constructor called a Path Functional Dependency (PFD) to the Boolean-complete description logic DLF leads to undecidability of ABox consistency for DLF . Consequently, we define a boundary condition for PFDs that enables the recovery of earlier DLF complexity bounds for this problem. This is accomplished indirectly by adding an additional concept const...