Nonstationary metabolic flux analysis (NMFA) is at present a very computationally intensive exercise, especially for large reaction networks. We applied elementary metabolite unit (EMU) theory to NMFA, dramatically reducing computational difficulty. We also introduced block decoupling, a new method that systematically and comprehensively divides EMU systems of equations into smaller subproblems...

a. Institute of Arts and Design, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. b.Research Group in History, Philosophy, and Biology Teaching, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. c.Graduate Studies Program in History, Philosophy, and Science Teaching, Federal University of Bahia/State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil. d.Graduate Studies Program in Ecology and Biomonito...

a.Institute of Arts and Design, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. b.Research Group in History, Philosophy, and Biology Teaching, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. c.Graduate Studies Program in History, Philosophy, and Science Teaching, Federal University of Bahia/State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil. d.Graduate Studies Program in Ecology and Biomonitor...

Here, we highlight aspects of visualizing twins in the fine arts. The works artists Leonardo da Vinci, Jacopo Pontormo, Ker-Xavier Roussel, Jean-Bruno Gassies, Peter Paul Rubens, Sebastiano Ricci and others are presented.

In the thirteenth century the English universities were different from others, particularly those in the south of Europe, in two important ways: they taught more natural philosophy and less medicine. But the survival of students' notes from the second half of the century shows that in the formal course of lectures on natural philosophy attention was paid to medicine inside the arts course. The ...

a. Institute of Arts and Design, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Brazil. b.Research Group in History, Philosophy, and Biology Teaching, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil. c.Graduate Studies Program in History, Philosophy, and Science Teaching, Federal University of Bahia/State University of Feira de Santana, Brazil. d.Graduate Studies Program in Ecology and Biomonito...