In recent years alternative renewable energies including that obtained by solar cells have attracted much attention due to exhaustion of other conventional energy resources especially fossil-based fuels. Photovoltaic energy is one of the cleanest, most applicable and promising alternative energy using limitless sun light as raw material. Even though, inorganic solar cells dominate in the world ...

This paper introduces the fundamental physical characteristics of organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Photoelectric conversion efficiency is crucial to the evaluation of quality in OPV devices, and enhancing efficiency has been spurring on researchers to seek alternatives to this problem. In this paper, we focus on organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices and review several approaches to enhance the ...

We investigate the dark and illuminated current density-voltage (J/V) characteristics of poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)1-4-phenylenevinylene) (MEHPPV)/single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) composite photovoltaic cells. Using an exponential band tail model, the conduction mechanism has been analysed for polymer only devices and composite devices, in terms of space charge limited current (SC...

We report solar cells based on highly confined nanocrystals of the ternary compound PbS(x)Se(1-x). Crystalline, monodisperse alloyed nanocrystals are obtained using a one-pot, hot injection reaction. Rutherford back scattering and energy-filtered transmission electron microscopy suggest that the S and Se anions are uniformly distributed in the alloy nanoparticles. Photovoltaic devices made usin...

It is a common viewpoint that the adscription of the PV research and industry in future has to be the lower cost and higher efficiency. However, those monocrystal as well as multicrystalline silicon wafer require very expensive processing techniques to produce low defect concentrations, and they are made by complicated wet chemical treatment, hightemperature furnace steps, and time-cost metalli...

In conventional solid-state photovoltaics, electron-hole pairs are created by light absorption in a semiconductor and separated by the electric field spaning a micrometre-thick depletion region. The maximum voltage these devices can produce is equal to the semiconductor electronic bandgap. Here, we report the discovery of a fundamentally different mechanism for photovoltaic charge separation, w...

We report the optoelectronic properties occurring in single-walled carbon nanotubes ~SWNTs!— conjugated polymer, poly~3-octylthiophene! composites. Composite films were drop or spin cast from a solution on indium–tin oxide ~ITO! and quartz substrates and studied using absorption spectroscopy and electrical characterization methods. Diodes ~Al/polymer-nanotube composite/ ITO! with a low nanotube...

Planar diode structures employing hybrid organic-inorganic methylammonium lead iodide perovskites lead to multifunctional devices exhibiting both a high photovoltaic efficiency and good electroluminescence. The electroluminescence strongly improves at higher current density applied using a pulsed driving method.