one of the specific aspects of our time is the existence of world trade organization as an important international center. this organization regulates the commercial laws among the countries, and tries to provide a suitable environment for trade by eliminating the subsidies using protection policies and making a better condition for competition. in order to achieve this objective, the economic ...

This commentary reflects on the contribution of this editorial and its “Three Challenges That Global Health Networks Face” to the totality of the framework developed over the past decade by Shiffman and his collaborators. It reviews the earlier works to demonstrate that the whole is greater than the sum of the parts in providing a package of tools for analysis of network effectiveness.   Additi...

There is widespread acceptance that the absence or presence of infrastructure and services in rural areas can lead to cycles of decline or resilience in these localities. It is also accepted that in remoter areas, population sparsity leads to a higher unit cost for delivery of services and infrastructure, and that private sector providers do not find such areas attractive for investment. At the...

globalization is a phenomenon of recent times. the world economy is moving towards a more intense & integrated status while at the same time local economies are becoming more interdependent. the fast pace of globalization and how to tackle the offspring ’s of such a movement have become a major challenge for the whole world as a whole in general and for the developing countries in particular. c...

the application of equiframe in the analysis of sexual and reproductive health policies by ivanova et al to a new thematic area, their selection of only some of the core concepts of human rights in health service provision and the addition of new vulnerable groups relevant to the purpose of their analysis, are all very welcome developments. we also applaud their application of equiframe to poli...

identification of the factors causing change in policy process plays an important role in implementing healthy policy process. narrative policy framework introduces new concepts and tools to identify the factors causing policy change. one of the important variables in narrative policy framework is narrative structure. narrative structure has so many elements which the main one is plot. plot lin...

In Europe, successful health policies have contributed to a continued decline in mortality. However, not all parts of Europe have benefited equally and the sustainability of achievements cannot be taken for granted since health policies vary widely even among neighbouring countries. Furthermore, there are a number of remaining public health challenges such as food and alcohol polices. We argue ...