Fluoroscopy is currently the standard approach for image guidance of surgical drilling procedures. In addition to the harmful radiation dose to the patient and surgeon, fluoroscopy fails to visualize critical structures such as blood vessels and nerves within the drill path. Photoacoustic imaging is a well-suited imaging method to visualize these structures and it does not require harmful ioniz...

OBJECTIVES To investigate whether a surgeon can drill accurately a specified angle and whether surgeon experience, task repetition, drill bit size and perceived difficulty influence drilling angle accuracy. METHODS The sample population consisted of final-year students (n=25), non-specialist veterinarians (n=22) and board-certified orthopaedic surgeons (n=8). Each participant drilled a hole t...

the increasing needs for energy, its high price and its environmental impact on greenhouse gases emission and limited energy resources due to increased research on energy balance in crop production systems. the objective of this research was to compare seedbed preparation and sowing methods in wheat production in kordkoy region with respect to energy use and efficiency. fifteen wheat fields wer...

Arctic and high altitude ice coring operations require lightweight and efficient equipment. Power sources. fuel and shelter in some cases compose up to 50'J6 of the cargo delivered to a drill ing ite. Solar panel , twotroke gasoline and air-cooled portable diesel generato rs have been u ed in Arctic a.nd high a lt itude glacier to power the drilling etup. On the ummit of Mt. Ki limanjaro (589S ...

introduction: excessive temperature rise during drilling of the mandible for dental implant placement might damage adjacent osseous tissues. various factors affect temperature rise, including the geometrical parameters of surgical drills, one of which is the drill bit head angle. the aim of this research was to determine suitable drill bit head angle to induce minimum temperature rise during ma...

Drill mud is a fluid which is used in oil extraction industries in order to cool and lubricate the drill bit. Due to containing numerous toxic components, it is considered as a hazardous waste which must be treated before discharging to the environment. Current separation techniques for drill cutting treatment can be categorized into three main categories of physical (dewatering), physiochemica...

The search for present or past life in the Universe is one of the most important objectives of NASA’s exploration missions. Drills for subsurface sampling of rocks, ice and permafrost are an essential tool for astrobiology studies on other planets. Increasingly, it is recognized that drilling via a combination of rotation and hammering offers an efficient and effective rapid penetration mechani...

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess short-term changes in pulmonary function in drill floor workers currently exposed to airborne contaminants generated as a result of drilling offshore. We also aimed to study the prevalence of pulmonary fibrosis using high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans of another group of previously exposed drill floor workers. METHODS Pulmonary functio...

BACKGROUND Foot drill involving marching and drill manoeuvres is conducted regularly during basic military recruit training. Characterising the biomechanical loading of foot drill will improve our understanding of the contributory factors to lower limb overuse injuries in recruits. AIM Quantify and compare forces, loading rates and accelerations of British Army foot drill, within and between ...