Abstract Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful tool to solve sequential decision-making problems, where learning agent interacts with an unknown environment in order maximize its rewards. Although most RL real-world applications involve multiple agents, the Multi-Agent (MARL) framework is still poorly understood from theoretical point of view. In this manuscript, we take step to...

No wonder you activities are, reading will be always needed. It is not only to fulfil the duties that you need to finish in deadline time. Reading will encourage your mind and thoughts. Of course, reading will greatly develop your experiences about everything. Reading managing and growing a cultural heritage web presence a strategic guide is also a way as one of the collective books that gives ...

This document defines key concepts of uncertainty and confidence as they pertain to location information. Methods for the manipulation of location estimates that include uncertainty information are outlined. This document normatively updates the definition of location information representations defined in RFCs 4119 and 5491. It also deprecates related terminology defined in RFC 3693. Informati...

As a novel opportunity to acquire capital from the masses, crowdfunding has attracted great attention in academia and practice. So far, little is known about the factors that promote the success of crowdfunding projects, however. In this paper, we examine in how far the social presence perceived on a project’s website influences the success of the respective crowdfunding project. Based on a dat...

Introduction This paper discusses the concept of 'connectedness', exploring its relationship with the concepts of 'social presence' and 'awareness', and arguing that although 'social presence' and 'awareness' have received most focus in previous research, 'connectedness' is, in fact, a more fundamental concept. 'Connectedness' is potentially a key concept in the analysis of communication and th...

The Rich Presence Information Data Format (RPID) adds elements to the Presence Information Data Format (PIDF) that provide additional information about the presentity and its contacts. The information is designed so that much of it can be derived automatically, e.g., Schulzrinne, et al. Expires September 11, 2004 [Page 1] Internet-Draft RPID March 2004 from calendar files or user activity. This...

The rapid adoption of online learning is due to its several advantages over traditional classroom training. However, the remote nature can pose challenges for both students and instructors. Instructors were thrust into a big transition instruction with no preparation time or resources. Whether not quality education has improved as result shift from more face-to-face format modern e-learning app...