One of the key DR applications involves the use of smart appliances and devices within a facility (residential or small commercial buildings) that can be programmed and automated to respond to DR signals (that could be either pricing signals or other energy curtailment signals) arriving from a utility, wholesale market, or a 3 party energy service providers. Several technical, business, and pol...

producers and consumers’ price behavior were analyzed in chicken meat market in fars province. monthly average producers and consumers prices from june 1997 to july 2008 were taken into account. changes in the producer and consumer prices indicated that the prices follow an increasing trend with much fluctuations. marketing margin has an increasing trend of violent fluctuations. the result of g...

Precise estimates of price elasticities are important for alcohol tax policy. Using meta-analysis, this paper corrects average beer elasticities for heterogeneity, dependence, and publication selection bias. A sample of 191 estimates is obtained from 114 primary studies. Simple and weighted means are reported. Dependence is addressed by restricting number of estimates per study, author-restrict...

OBJECTIVES The United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA), the main primary healthcare provider for 4.9 million Palestinian refugees, spent USD18.3 million on essential medicines dispensed free-of-charge through clinics in five areas of operation ('fields'): Gaza, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and the West Bank (2010). Faced with budget contraints and an in...

the lack of a structured anticipating about high usage product of the national petrochemical company, has forced this company to buy forecasted price from foreign countries. prevent the outflow of foreign exchange and tolerance of political factors such as sanctions in this field requires a forecast of prices in our country. due to the chain-like nature of the petrochemical products, and the ab...

We study the link between price points and price rigidity, using two datasets: weekly scanner data, and Internet data. We find that (i) “9” is the most frequently used price-ending for the penny, dime, dollar and ten-dollar digits, (ii) the most common price changes are those that keep the price endings at these “9” digits, (iii) the 9-ending prices are less likely to change in comparison to no...

This paper employs a multivariate dynamic conditional correlation GARCH model, which is developed by Engle (2001, 2002), to detect the timing and nature of changes in the comovement between Iranian output and prices for the periods after Iran–Iraq war , known as imposed war . The results showed that there is a weak correlation between output and prices after imposed war and  varies periodically...

This paper studies long-memory properties of stock prices in PIIGS economies (Portugal, Ireland, Italy, Greece and Spain) and measures the evolution of their long-memory phenomena over time. We use the Hurst exponent as a measure of long-range dependence in stock prices. We apply wavelet analysis (based on Haar, Daubechies-4, Daubechies12 and Daubechies-20 wavelets) for computation of Hurst exp...