Today, learners’ interaction and collaborative task performance have attracted increasing attention from language teachers and researchers. The present study investigated whether collaborative pre-planning, task complexity manipulation, and language proficiency level play a role in learners’ interactions. To this end, 128 EFL learners from two different language proficiency levels carried out t...

This study examined the effects of aural and written prompts under two planning conditions (i.e. pre-task planning and no planning) on complexity, accuracy, and fluency of test takers' writing production. Forty learners in an English institute, who had already been classified as intermediate according to the Oxford Placement Test, were assigned to two planning conditions (i.e. no planning and p...

According to an influential multiple-systems model of category learning, an implicit procedural system governs the learning of information-integration category structures, whereas a rule-based system governs the learning of explicit rule-based categories. Support for this idea has come in part from demonstrations that motor interference, in the form of inconsistent mapping between response loca...

Many methods have been proposed to solve the problem of shape matching, where the task is to determine similarity between given shapes. In this paper, we propose a novel method to combine many shape matching methods using procedural knowledge to increase the precision of the shape matching process in retrieval problems like place recognition task. The idea of our approach is to assign the best ...

In the present study, two different models of task complexity; namely, limited attentional capacity model and cognition hypothesis were examined. To this end, the manipulation of cognitive task complexity along +/- single task dimension on Iranian EFL learners’ production in terms of fluency was explored. Based on the results of the writing test of TOFEL (2004), 48 learners were selected as the...

Authors References Cited By Index Terms Publication Reviews Comments Table of Contents Huge amount of researches and software metrics have been proposed for procedural and object-oriented languages. However, there are only few metrics available in the literature related with multi-paradigm programming languages. In this paper, we propose a metric to evaluate the code written in multi-paradigm l...