public order, as a principle in the framework of national laws, is a tool for protecting private and public interests in a society. observance of the norms and public order in any jurisdiction is important as far as the the influence of this chariness on contracts in the field of private international laws is undeniable. with the formation of new rights such as intellectual property rights in t...

with the emergence of new legal regimes such as intellectual property rights, new complexities in the process of determination of applicable law are involved in private international law. the dilution of physical center of gravity for disputes related to intellectual property rights and the effects of utilitarianism in law with an emphasis on public interest has led to the adoption of new metho...

A medical prize fund could improve the financing of drug innovations A t Christmas, we traditionally retell Dickens's story of Scrooge, who cared more for money than for his fellow human beings. What would we think of a Scrooge who could cure diseases that blighted thousands of people's lives but did not do so? Clearly, we would be horrified. But this has increasingly been happening in the name...

Economic theory predicts a positive relationship between property rights and economic growth. However, few developing countries have experienced better economic performance after improving their protection of property rights. The following manuscript addresses this puzzle by directly assessing where property rights reforms have been effective. I argue that multiple, reinforcing credibility mech...

In this examination of communal violence (intrastate armed conflict between two non-state groups), we examine the relationship between one aspect of state institutional strength—property rights protection (PRP) – and inequality between social groups. Using a contest success function model, we build in an assumption that increasing PRP reduces the effectiveness of appropriative effort, generally...

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the design of a highly flexible, electronic market place for learning resources called UNIVERSAL Brokerage Platform (UBP). Integrating learning resource related data in a semi-automatic way demands a flexible data model. The main components of an educational brokerage platform are learning resources, agents, intellectual property rights, and delivery s...

a r t i c l e i n f o Inspired by the Chinese experience, we develop a Schumpeterian growth model of distance to frontier in which economic growth in the developing country is driven by domestic innovation as well as imitation and transfer of foreign technologies through foreign direct investment. We show that optimal intellectual property rights (IPR) protection is stage-dependent. At an early...