Background: Surgery is considered the most common choice for the treatment of male infertility with clinical varicocele. Increased numbers of mast cells (MCs) have been associated with different types of infertility, including varicocele. Despite there being different reports on improved fertility following administration of MC blockers, there is no report on the effect of a MC blocker on varic...

I greatly appreciate the interest of Dr. Woronow in my recent study published in the Journal (1). Protamine binds with heparin or low-molecular-weight heparin to form a stable ion pair with no anticoagulant activity. This compound is routinely used during cardiopulmonary bypass surgery and is also administered to reverse the effect of heparin in patients in stable condition after invasive cardi...

Little is known about the genetic basis of evolutionary changes in sperm phenotype. Postcopulatory sexual selection is associated with differences in protamine gene sequences and promoters and is a powerful force acting on sperm form and function, although links between protamine evolution and sperm phenotype are scarce. Protamines are involved in sperm chromatin condensation, and protamine def...

Channel activity of the calcium release channel from skeletal muscle, ryanodine receptor type 1, was measured in the presence and absence of protamine sulfate on the cytoplasmic side of the channel. Single-channel activity was measured after incorporating channels into planar lipid bilayers. Optimally and suboptimally calcium-activated calcium release channels were inactivated by the applicatio...

Hemodynamic and hematologic effects of protamine reversal of low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) anticoagulation with and without protamine pretreatment, as well as reversal of anticoagulation with unfractionated standard heparin (SH), were studied in canine subjects. Protamine reversal caused less severe thrombocytopenia in the two LMWH groups compared to SH animals, while neutropenia occurred...

High doses of intravenous protamine cause generalized vascular permeability changes in brain and other organs, and concomitant hypoproteinemia. The present investigations test the hypothesis that protamine has a dual action of both binding serum proteins and of undergoing absorptive-mediated transcytosis through microvascular endothelial barriers. Binding of albumin to protamine was demonstrate...

comparison with the negative control was scored as positive. Furthermore, in vitro allergy testing using the Phadia CAP system for specific IgE against shrimp, fish-mix, rainbow trout, rCyp p 1 and protamine sulfate was performed. Results: Skin prick tests were positive to shrimp, fish-mix, mackerel, salmon and protamine sulfate. Intradermal testing with protamine showed a wheal diameter of 7 m...

Evidence suggests that human sperm chromatin anomalies adversely affect reproductive outcomes and infertile men possess substantially amount of sperm with chromatin anomalies than fertile men. Routine semen analysis evaluates parameters such as sperm motility and morphology, but does not examine the nuclear DNA integrity of spermatozoa. It has been suggested that altered nuclear chromatin struc...

Protamines are arginine-rich proteins that replace histones and bind sperm DNA during spermatogenesis in vertebrates. Previous studies have shown that protamine exons evolve faster than does the protamine intron. It has been suggested that this is a result of a relaxation of functional constraint. However, a more likely explanation is that the evolutionary rate of exons has been accelerated by ...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine risk factors for adverse events following protamine administration after cardiopulmonary bypass. BACKGROUND Intravenous protamine administration is associated with a risk of severe systemic reactions. However, risk factors for these events have not been well delineated, thus hampering development of preventive strategies. METHODS A case-...