Background: Although the pathophysiology of the testicular damage associated with varicocele remains unclear, but varicocelectomy is considered a suitable technique for the treatment of individuals with clinical varicocele. The current study was designed to assessed semen parameters, chromatin packaging, and pregnancy outcome before and after varicocelectomy. Materials and Methods: Semen sample...

Again, our emphatic statements about the NO pathway and endothelium function may have led to this interpretation. We agree that cardiac surgery vasoplegia has multiple mechanisms, including drug interactions, as Poullis4 discussed in his excellent letter, which was motivated by the article of Argenziano et al5 on vasodilatory shock after cardiac surgery. Their third comment rejects the notion t...

Macromolecular biomolecules are currently dethroning classical small molecule therapeutics because of their improved targeting and delivery properties. Protamine-a polycationic peptide-represents a promising candidate. In nature, it binds protects DNA against degradation during spermatogenesis due to electrostatic interactions between the negatively charged DNA-phosphate backbone positively pro...

OBJECTIVE Sperm morphology plays an important role in infertility, especially in cases of defects in the heads of spermatozoa. Tapered-head or elongated-head spermatozoa are examples of morphological abnormalities. The aim of this study was to compare the semen parameters, levels of protamine deficiency, and frequency of apoptosis between patients with normozoospermia and those with teratozoosp...

Objective To examine if methylene blue (MB) can counteract or prevent protamine (P) cardiovascular effects. Methods The protocol included five heparinized pig groups: Group Sham -without any drug; Group MB - MB 3 mg/kg infusion; Group P - protamine; Group P/MB - MB after protamine; Group MB/P - MB before protamine. Nitric oxide levels were obtained by the nitric oxide/ozone chemiluminescence ...

Background: Following the expansion of human infertility, different procedures have been utilized for separation of normal sperm during ICSI (Intra cytoplasmic sperm injection). Hypo-osmotic swelling test (HOST) is one of the tests which have been introduced for assessment of integrity of sperm membrane when confronted with hypo osmotic condition. This test may also reflect intracellular organe...

Objective Imbalance between production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and total antioxidant capacity in testis, epididymis, and seminal fluid can eventually lead to subfertility and infertility. Abnormal chromatin packaging, and DNA fragmentation is considered as the main underlying causes. In this regard, we aimed to assess relationship between sperm parameters with DNA damage, protamine def...