Pyrethroids are a class of plant-derived insecticides and their man-made analogues that are increasingly applied in Canada as first choice for pest control in many agricultural and residential settings. Their popularity is partly due to their alleged safety compared to the older organochlorine and organophosphate insecticides. Application of pyrethroids is expanding because of recent increases ...

Studies were conducted in 1989 and 1990 at Lane, Oklahoma, to evaluate the economic benefits of managing lepidopterous pests of fresh-market cabbage using Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki, or a pyrethroid insecticide in combination with an economic threshold based on larval density. Marketable cabbage yield and percent head damage were not significantly different among plots spraye...

Constructed wetlands are a suggested best management practice to help mitigate agricultural runoff before entering receiving aquatic ecosystems. A constructed wetland system (180 m x 30 m), comprising a sediment retention basin and two treatment cells, was used to determine the fate and transport of simulated runoff containing the pyrethroid insecticides lambda-cyhalothrin and cyfluthrin, as we...

Infestations of the bed bug, Cimex lectularius L. (Heteroptera: Cimicidae), are increasing around the world at an alarming rate and have become a major public health concern. The evolution of insecticide resistance could be a primary factor in explaining this resurgence. Extremely high levels of resistance to two pyrethroid insecticides, deltamethrin and lambda-cyhalothrin, relative to a suscep...

BACKGROUND Pyrethroid insecticides are widely utilized in dengue control. However, the major vector, Aedes aegypti, is becoming increasingly resistant to these insecticides and this is impacting on the efficacy of control measures. The near complete transcriptome of two pyrethroid resistant populations from the Caribbean was examined to explore the molecular basis of this resistance. PRINCIPA...

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus (Skuse), is the major vector of Chikungunya fever and the secondary vector of dengue fever. We collected Ae. albopictus from Singapore and performed genotyping assay to detect mutations of the voltage-gated sodium channel, which is the target site of pyrethroid insecticides. We detected an amino acid substitution, F1534C, which is suspected to confer k...

Recently, high resistance to pyrethroid insecticides has been associated with ineffective field treatments against Triatoma infestans (Klug) (Hemiptera: Reduviidae) in northern Argentina. Samples were collected from two areas in Argentina (Salta and La Rioja) and one are in Bolivia (Yacuiba), and they were subjected to toxicological and biochemical assays. All populations were resistant to delt...

Cotton plant is susceptible to different pests and deceases and is necessarily treated with pesticides. Insecticides are used most of all pesticides in agriculture worldwide. These chemicals are efficiently used; however they often cause the plant to be more susceptible to pests and deceases. The reason of this phenomenon is explained with the fact that defensive compounds in plant tissues lowe...

Carboxylesterases hydrolyze a large array of endogenous and exogenous ester-containing compounds, including pyrethroid insecticides. Herein, we report the specific activities and kinetic parameters of human carboxylesterase (hCE)-1 and hCE-2 using authentic pyrethroids and pyrethroid-like, fluorescent surrogates. Both hCE-1 and hCE-2 hydrolyzed type I and II pyrethroids with strong stereoselect...