Buprenorphine is a partial mu-opioid agonist and kappa-opioid antagonist currently under development as a maintenance medication for heroin dependence. Because of concerns about illicit diversion of buprenorphine, a combination tablet containing buprenorphine and naloxone has been developed. The present study evaluated the reinforcing effects of intravenously administered placebo, buprenorphine...

High-speed and low-power routers form the basic building blocks of on-die interconnect fabrics that are critical to overall throughput and energy efficiency of high performance systems [1,2]. Conventional routers use distinct logic blocks for routing data and handling arbitration [3,4]. At higher radices, connections between these blocks become a bottleneck, limiting router scalability and degr...

Although buprenorphine is used worldwide as a safe and effective maintenance medication for opioid dependence, some countries have reported a growing incidence of abuse of this medication. Buprenorphine is considered to have lower abuse potential because of its partial agonist profile, but no studies have directly compared the reinforcing effects of buprenorphine with those of full mu opioid ag...

U.S. teens are overrepresented in motor vehicle crashes, with the majority due to driver error; however causal pathways remain to be elucidated. This research aimed to identify driving performance factors that might underlie newly-licensed male teens’ risk. Surveys were conducted with 21 16 year olds at the time of intermediate licensure. During the second month of licensure they completed driv...

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY A mixture of outcrossing and selfing is often observed in plant populations. Although mixed mating is ubiquitous, it has several potential evolutionary explanations. Mixed mating may be actively maintained by selection, passively determined by the pollination environment, or a transitional stage during the evolution of self-fertilization. • METHODS We studie...

In this paper, we introduce a new concept in set-valued mappings which we have called condition $(UHS)$. Then, adding this condition to a new type of contractive set-valued mappings, recently has been introduced by Amini-Harandi [Fixed and coupled fixed points of a new type contractive set-valued mapping in complete metric spaces, Fixed point theory and applications, 215 (2012)], we prove that ...

Background: Researchers and health specialists are increasingly obtaining information on chronic illnesses from self-reports. This study validates self-reports of hypertension, based on a recently fielded survey in Mashhad City, Iran. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used the results of 2015 census in Mashhad City, a population based survey of people over the age of 30 (n=300745) to ...