The present study examined sex differences in spatial working and reference memory in C57BL/6 mice. Males and females were tested in a version of the spatial 8-arm radial arm maze in which the motivating stimulus was escape from water. To test spatial working memory, four arms were baited with submerged escape platforms, each of which was removed after it was found. Four arms that never contain...

Three experiments compared human performance on temporal generalization tasks with either one or two different, and distinct, standard durations encoded. In the first two experiments participants received presentations of two different standards at the beginning of each trial block and were instructed to encode either one or both of them. When instructed to encode one standard they then had to ...

Memory reference locality is widely known to have an increasingly important eeect on the performance of algorithms. We demonstrate and explain why the performance of the binary tree search algorithm varies considerably depending on how the tree is laid out in the main memory. We present an algorithm which relocates a binary tree so that maximal performance can be achieved and discuss how update...

Memory is a critical resource that is non-renewable and is time consuming to regenerate by reclaim. While there are several tools available to understand the amount of memory utilized by an application, there is presently little infrastructure to capture the physical memory reference pattern of an application on a live system. This knowledge would enable the software developers and hardware des...

Age-related changes in learning and memory are common in rodents. However, direct comparisons of the effects of aging on learning and memory in both males and females are lacking. The present study examined whether memory deteriorates with increasing age in C57BL/6NIA mice, and whether age-related changes in learning and memory are similar in both sexes. Male and female mice (five, 17 and 25 mo...

at first, ground-based circular strip-map synthetic aperture radar (gb-csmsar) and its capabilities is introduced and the received signal model, 2-d frequency spectrum and the azimuth and range resolutions are derived and compared with the linear motion strip-map sar resolutions. because of the stability of the path and speed of antenna in gb-csmsar a frequency domain imaging algorithm is sugge...

Research on spatial memory indicates that locations are remembered relative to reference frames, which define a spatial reference system. Reference frames are thought to be selected on the basis of environment-based and experience-based cues present during learning. Results from new experiments indicate that reference frames provide scaffolding during the development of spatial memories: the re...

As Jan van Dalen opened in a previous issue [1], ‘It is every Editor’s dream that articles in ‘‘their’’ journal serve a wide population of interested readers.’ But how do we succeed in producing such articles? What is of crucial importance is that an article provides answers to the questions ‘What is new?’ and ‘What is in there for me?’, and that it does not comprise too many elements that dist...

Objective(s): Cognitive deficit is a common problem in epilepsy. A major concern emergent from the use of antiepileptic drugs includes their side effects on learning and memory. Herbal medicine is considered a complementary and alternative therapy in epilepsy. Apigenin is a safe flavone with antioxidant properties. However, there is little information about the benefic...