this study was performed to investigate the effects of refining on the mechanical and optical properties of waste newspaper. waste newspapers were prepared from gorgan ettelaat newspaper agency and were cut to 5 centimeter pieces, and then were soaked with sufficient distillated water. after 1 day fibers were separated by disintegrator and freeness values for each pulp before and after refining...

Erratum: “Radionuclides in Fracking Wastewater: Managing a Toxic Blend” The Focus article “Radionuclides in Fracking Wastewater: Managing a Toxic Blend” [Environ Health Perspect 122:A50–A55 (2014); http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.122-A50] incorrectly stated that Pennsylvania requires pit liners for temporary impoundments and disposal to have a minimum thickness of 30 mm. The correct minimum thick...

conserving water resources and protecting them from pollution are of high account in the natural cycle of our life. this study has tried to determine the refining potential and capacity of water hyacinth (eichhornia crassipes) in order to remove the cadmium from water, studying the influence of factors such as initial concentration of cadmium, contact time, absorbent mass, and ph. results have ...

Conserving water resources and protecting them from pollution are of high account in the natural cycle of our life. This study has tried to determine the refining potential and capacity of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in order to remove the cadmium from water, studying the influence of factors such as initial concentration of cadmium, contact time, absorbent mass, and pH. Results have ...

Introduction: Heavy metals widely used in the industrial and refining activities are frequently detected in sediments. The main objectives of this research were focused on determining the concentration of Cd and Pb in the sediments of Asaluyeh and compare with the standard. Methods: The concentration of Pb and Cd in the sediments of Nayband Bay area (contaminated area) and Lavar-e Saheli (cont...

This paper reported the pollutant removal performances of a hybrid wetland system for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater. The system consisted of two treatment stages: a subsurface vertical flow (VF) wetland, followed by a horizontal flow (HF). The aquaculture wastewater with the different concentrations such as eutrophy and mesotrophy was treated using hybrid constructed wetland. The expe...

In many regions of the world, urban water systems will need to transition into fundamentally different forms to address current stressors and meet impending challenges-faster innovation will need to be part of these transitions. To assess the innovation deficit in urban water organizations and to identify means for supporting innovation, we surveyed wastewater utility managers in California. Ou...