Investing in research and development spending (R&D) affects total factor productivity (TFP).Recently new theories of economic growth have emphasized the relationship between R&D and TFPand also identified a number of channels through which a country’s R&D affects TFP of its tradepartner. This study seeks to estimate the effect of agricultural R&D and education spending and someother factors on...

Abstract This study intends to examine the impact of current health expenditure, domestic government education social protection, population growth, and foreign direct investment (FDI) on human capital formation in context Pakistan. utilized skill measure capital. The annual data for period 1990–2020 has been extracted from World Development Indicators (WDI) Bank. auto-regressive distributed la...

There are some factors predicted tohave an effect on the countries’ economic devlopment. This study aimed to analyze long-term and short-term effects of In-flation, Exchange Rate, Foreign Economic Growth (the destination United States, China, Japan) Indonesian Export. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Model is used in this analysis from 1968 through 2017. results show that long-term, i...

Purpose This study aims to examine the symmetric and asymmetric impact of external debt on inflation in Sudan from 1970 2020 within a multivariate framework by including money supply nominal effective exchange rate as additional determinants. Design/methodology/approach The authors utilize an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model inflation, while is examined using Nonlinear ARDL (NARDL) ...

This study assesses the connection between money supply and economic growth in developing countries. The made use of time series data from National Bureau Statistics (NBS) Bank Tanzania. was looked at using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL). demonstrates that overall, has a significant favorable effect on expansion. results demonstrate boosts underdeveloped nations. indicate that, wh...

abstract the present research accomplished to determination of the trade liberalization effects on import function of iran’s wheat crop using time series data from 1357 to 1387 that earn from sources such as agricultural and aerology statistics annual letter, customhouse and iran central bank website.in this investigation, at first, wheat liberalization index was measured by using level of inte...

The aim of this paper is to find the relationship among government and private capital formation in Pakistan during period 1981 2018. This study employs Auto Regressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) bound test. results show that infrastructure investment negatively effects on long run short run, indicating crowds out investment. In determining role liberalization policies, have important policy impli...

GHG emissions growth of Vietnam is highest all over the globe and carbon intensity this economy considered second in Asian economies. As energy level rising constantly, thereby, predictions indicate that will become emission region. In order to address issue, current article aims investigate impact green finance, technology advancement, efficiency, industrialization, population on sustainable d...