BACKGROUND Informed by recent studies demonstrating the central role of plasma HIV-1 RNA viral load (VL) on HIV transmission, interventions to employ HIV antiretroviral treatment as prevention (TasP) are underway. To optimize these efforts, evidence is needed to identify factors associated with both non-suppressed VL and HIV risk behaviours. Thus, we sought to assess the possible role played by...

Abstract We analyze the bank supply of credit under Paycheck Protection Program (PPP). The literature emphasizes relationships as a means to improve lender information, which helps banks manage risk. Despite imposing no risk, however, PPP reflects traditional measures relationship lending: decreasing in size and increasing prior experience, commitment lending, core deposits. Our results suggest...

This study employs the asymmetric threshold cointegration test suggested by Enders and Siklos (2001) and creates EC-EGARCH(1, 1)M model to investigate the pass-through of money market rate to banking retail rates in Taiwan and Hong Kong. It further explores the impact of interest volatility on interest rates. Over the period of February 1988 to December 2004, we find that the interest pass-thou...

One of the most important risks faced by a bank is that of loan default by its borrowers. Existing literature has documented the negative announcement-period returns for lending banks when a big sovereign borrower announces a moratorium on its bank loans. In contrast, little research has been undertaken that analyzes bank shareholder wealth effects when a major corporate borrower declares defau...

This paper examines the bank lending relationships of a large sample of technology and nontechnology firms that went public during the 1996 through 2000 period. We use a unique hand collected dataset to examine the characteristics of firms that establish pre-IPO bank lending relationships and whether post-IPO performance is related to the existence and size of pre-IPO banking relationships. We ...

This paper examines the relationship between the levels of debt in the capital structure and performance for a sample of Indian firms. Existing theory posits a positive relationship; however, analysis of the data reveals the relationship for Indian firms to be significantly negative. The structure of capital markets in India, where both short-term and long-term lending institutions are governme...