By using a general bivariate utility function, this paper provides the conditions under which agents would like to remove primary risk in the presence of other dependent risk. For small risks, the conditions for retaining primary risk along with other dependent risk are also provided. The results of this paper indicate that the risk attitude to primary risk depends not only on the dependence re...

Causation is defined recursively: event e is the cause of condition φ in context c iff e is the only sufficient cause of φ in c, and removing e from c either removes φ from c or results in some other event causing φ. A logical language is then defined, in which it is possible to represent and reason about actual and counterfactual events in evolving partial contexts. Axiomatic theories of event...