Protected areas (PAs) aim to safeguard biodiversity and ecosystem services in the long term. Despite remarkable growth area covered by PAs recent years, trends still show worrisome outcomes. Here, we conducted a systematic literature review (SLR) of scientific articles focusing on ecological effectiveness that were published 2010–2019 decade using Scopus order latest publication research field....

Significance Contact tracing constitutes the backbone of nonpharmaceutical public interventions against COVID-19, as it did with previous pandemics. Experts argue that its importance rises again vaccination rates increase and spread COVID-19 slows, which makes individual cases possible. However, because randomized experiments on contact are infeasible, causal evidence about effectiveness is mis...

  Background : This study aimed to assess the effect of new package of interventions on scientific productions rate in ShahidBeheshti University of Medical Sciences.   Methods : Through a health system research, we extracted policies from the strategic plan of the university and 10 interventions were developed to increase the scientific productions in terms of quality, quantity and commercializ...

Pseudoscientific treatments are those that have little to no empirical evidence of effectiveness, yet are portrayed as having roots in science. One characteristic of most fad treatments is the use of scientific jargon to make the treatment appear more scientific than it actually is and thus appear to be supported by more evidence than it actually does. For example, advertisements for countless ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the amount and quality of scientific evidence supporting principles that are currently applied for cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) performance. The scientific data concerning the effectiveness and safety of key principles of cardiopulmonary bypass is insufficient in both amount and quality to serve as a basis for practical, evidence-based guidelines.