Astigmatism’s defect has not yet been formulated in Physics and medical physics books theoretically. In this paper, we are trying to formulate the astigmatism’s defect. The results of formulation show that “the degree of astigmatism is negative reverse the distance that vision’s condition of astigmatism’s chart lines change conditions in dimness angle from dimness condition at infinite distance...

Abstract: This paper proposes a new analysis method for photovoltaic (PV) modules. The main objectives are to obtain the resistance parameters of PV modules by adjusting I-V equation and voltage equation of diode and to find the relationship between resistance parameters and power. Firstly, values of serial resistance and parallel resistance at maximum power point are concluded. Secondly, the c...

this article contains the views of different scholars and their researches about allah verdi khan bridge. in this brief study two important points have been highlighted. first, who is the probable constructor of the bridge and what the references tell about it. secondly, the explanation about the grave mistakes of the foundation and completion dates of the bridge and thus argument about the exa...

First, some basic notions of transparent intensional logic (TIL) are introduced. Secondly, it is studied how natural-language interrogatives are analyzed in TIL.

and for suggesting a simple method for control; and secondly, for launching and completing this work in what must have been the very unfavorable war years 1940-44.

The aim of this paper is to design a Fractional Order Sliding Mode Controllers (FOSMC)for a class of DC-DC converters such as boost and buck converters. Firstly, the control lawis designed with respect to the properties of fractional calculus, the design yields an equiv-alent control term with an addition of discontinuous (attractive) control law. Secondly, themathematical proof of the stabilit...

In this work, we shall present some novel process to measure the similarity between picture fuzzy sets. Firstly, we adopt the concept of intuitionistic fuzzy sets, interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy sets and picture fuzzy sets. Secondly, we develop some similarity measures between picture fuzzy sets, such as, cosine similarity measure, weighted cosine similarity measure, set-theoretic similar...