Finite element technologies have been applied to fluid dynamrcs problems for some time now. The early work focused on Galerkin 's method and various attempts to improve its stability while retaining its basic character. In the late 1970s a new approach was introduced, namely, "stabili zed methods," such as SUPG and Galerkin/least-s quares. These methods have been applied to many areas in fluid ...

1 National Institute of Hydrology and Water Management, 97, Sos. Bucureşti – Ploieşti, Sect. 1, Bucharest cod 013686, Romania 2 National Administration of Meteorology, 97, Sos. Bucureşti – Ploieşti, Sect. 1, Bucharest cod 013686, Romania 3 National Administration “Apele Romane”, 6, Strada Edgar Quinet, sect. 1, Bucharest, cod 010018, Romania 4 UMR Sisyphe-7619, Université Pierre & Marie Curie, ...

A phylogenetic analysis of Astragalus sect. Alopecuroidei based on nrDNA ITS as well as morphological character data is presented. A total of fifty informative morphological characters were analyzed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships for 23 taxa of the sect. Alopecuroidei and two species of sect. Laxiflori plus A. sieversianus and A. caryolobus as outgroups. The present analysis revealed...

The Born-Oppenheimer approximation [1] can be used whenever the hamilto..ian of a fast system depends on the coordinates of a slow system . In some textbooks, the problem is solved by freezing the coordinates of the slow system and solving the hamiltonian of the fast system; then the energy of the fast system enters the effective hamiltonian for the slow system as a potential energy term. This ...

Cortinarius is the largest genus of ectomycorrhizal fungi worldwide. Recent molecular studies have shown high levels of morphological homoplasy within the genus. Importantly, DNA phylogenies can reveal characteristics that have been either over- or underemphasized in taxonomic studies. Here we sequenced and phylogenetically analysed a large set of pan-European and North American collections tax...

We conducted a phylogenetic analysis to characterize relationships among Bromus and test the monophyly of five of the seven morphologically distinct groups within Bromus (Poaceae: Pooideae) that have been treated as sections, subgenera, or genera. We sequenced the chloroplast trnL (UAA) intron, the 3!-end of the chloroplast ndhF gene, and the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of the nuclear ri...

BACKGROUND The recently proposed recircumscription of the genus Atraphaxis (incl. Atraphaxis section Ovczinnikovia O.V. Yurtseva ex. S. Tavakkoli and Polygonum sect. Spinescentia Boissier (=A. sect. Polygonoides S. Tavakkoli, Kaz. Osaloo & Mozaff.) makes this genus fairly heterogeneous and therefore almost undefinable based on morphology. A critical comprehensive reappraisal of the group is nec...

a phylogenetic analysis of astragalus sect. alopecuroidei based on nrdna its as well as morphological character data is presented. a total of fifty informative morphological characters were analyzed to reconstruct phylogenetic relationships for 23 taxa of the sect. alopecuroidei and two species of sect. laxiflori plus a. sieversianus and a. caryolobus as outgroups. the present analysis revealed...