BACKGROUND Griseoviridin (GV) and viridogrisein (VG, also referred as etamycin), both biosynthesized by a distinct 105 kb biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) in Streptomyces griseoviridis NRRL 2427, are a pair of synergistic streptogramin antibiotics and very important in treating infections of many multi-drug resistant microorganisms. Three transporter genes, sgvT1-T3 have been discovered within t...

In Drosophila melanogaster, Vestigial (Vg) and Scalloped (Sd) form a transcription factor complex and play a crucial role in wing development. To extend our knowledge of insect wing formation, we isolated vg and sd homologues from two ladybird beetle species, Henosepilachna vigintioctopunctata and Harmonia axyridis. Although the ladybird beetle vg homologues had only low homology with D. melano...

1. Changes in ventilation volume (Vg) of rainbow trout caused by hypercapnia, hypoxia and anaemia were measured directly by collection of expired water. 2. Exposure to hypercapnic water (PCO2 range 0.5-2 kPa) increased Vg (by up to four times) by augmenting ventilatory stroke volume; breathing frequency remained constant. O2 added to the inspired water in maintained hypercapnia reduced Vg at al...

Dyslipidemia is a metabolic condition linked to increased morbidity. This study aimed evaluate the effect of two new nutraceuticals derived from annatto (Bixa orellana), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), and soybean germ or red clover isoflavones (Trifolium pratense) against high-fat-induced dyslipidemia in female Wistar rats. The formulations were assessed through GC-MS HPLC-UV/Vis. Next, rats received...

conclusions the observations suggest that simv may have a protective effect against cr(vi)-induced oxidative stress in the rat lung. background chromium is a naturally occurring heavy metal found in the environment. objectives the aim of the present study was to determine the effect of simvastatin (simv) on sodium dichromate [cr(vi)]-induced oxidative stress in the rat lung. materials and metho...

In multi-label text categorization, one or more labels (or categories) can be assigned to a single document. In many such categorization tasks, there can be correlation on the assignment of subsets of the set of categories. This can be exploited to improve machine learning techniques devoted to multi-label text categorization. In this paper, we examine a Virtual Generalizing Random Access Memor...

This study proposes an evaluation method for variable generation (VG) acceptability with an adequate level of power system flexibility. In this method, a risk index referred to as the ramping capability shortage expectation (RSE) is used to quantify flexibility. The RSE value of the current power system is selected as the adequate level of flexibility (i.e., RSE criterion). VG acceptability is ...

Vertical graphene (VG) sheets were single-step synthesized via inductively coupled plasma (ICP)-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) using waste lard oil as a sustainable and economical carbon source. Interweaved few-layer VG sheets, H₂, and other hydrocarbon gases were obtained after the decomposition of waste lard oil. The influence of parameters such as temperature, gas proportion, ICP...

Hot-carrier effects in body-tied FinFETs are investigated for the first time. Device degradation by hotcarrier injection (HCI) becomes significant as a fin width (channel thickness) increases. There are two competing conditions to degrade the device by HCI: VG (<0.5VDD) at ISUBmax and VG=VD=VDD. Interface trap generation is dominant at VG at ISUBmax and oxide trap are dominant at VG=VD=VDD. At ...