since we cannot manage what we cannot control, and we cannot control what we do not measure, the measurement of knowledge management (km) effectiveness is a very important issue. this study aims at developing a methodology to evaluate the km effectiveness under fuzziness in research organizations. in order to develop such a methodology and to define measures of km effectiveness, first the relev...

the issue of conflicting jurisdictions is certainly not new to law. it has long been known in domestic law systems. however, for public international law the issue of conflicting jurisdictions is relatively new. since the early 1990s we have witnessed an indisputable proliferation of international courts and tribunals endowed with the jurisdiction to deal with certain areas of international law...

  Purpose: This study was designed to investigate the association between knowledge creation and   organizational innovation among the staff of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS).   Materials and Methods: In this descriptive correlational study, 132 individuals from TUMS   employees were randomly selected based on Cochran’s formula. The questionnaires of knowledge   creation managemen...

Grassland is the second largest terrestrial ecosystem and a fundamental land resource for human survival development. Although grassland degradation recognized crucial ecological problem, there no consensus on area, scope, degree of its global trends, making implementation Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) 15.3 achieving degradation-neutral world uncertain. This study quantitatively explored ...

The relationship between the Tibetan prelate Tāranātha (1575-1634) and his major patrons, the various sDe pa of gTsang is a most complex one. In studying it I am increasingly aware that the wealth of detail to be gleaned from the various relevant texts is not just limited to the narrow study of the lives of just a few people, in this case those of Tāranātha and the various rulers of gTsang. Ind...

In European forestry, ‘sustainability’ as a key concept is centuries old. State-managed production forests and wooded landscapes for nature conservation have co-existed similar timespan. Incrementally, the functions of in densely-populated Netherlands shifted from timber economic rationales to natural beauty, biodiversity recreation. ‘Monofunctional forests’ were gradually replaced 1960s by ‘mu...

1. introduction the shahnameh opens with a preface which probably did not exist prior to ferdowsi. even if such a thing existed, it must have been different from the present introduction. putting this aside, the rest of the shahnameh has a clear beginning and ending. this has helped critics to determine the structure of the work as a whole by its content. however, we believe the shahnameh inclu...