Today, one of the most important directions in development education is use a competency-based approach, particular, skills related to practical application person's communicative abilities, and cultural, social, informational competencies. Despite fact that this issue widely discussed scientific pedagogical literature, cognitive approach prevails schools universities. Recently, considerable at...

In many animal societies, dominant individuals monopolize reproduction, but the tactics they employ to achieve this are poorly understood. One possibility is that aggressive dominants render their subordinates infertile by inducing chronic physiological "stress." However, this hypothesis has been discarded largely for cooperatively breeding species, where reproductive monopolies are often extre...

One of the mainstreams in linguistics at end XXth - beginning XXIst century is a linguocultural modeling linguistic consciousness and communicative behaviour, i.e. creation certain archetype. By itself, term "linguocultural archetype" an interdisciplinary concept cultural linguistics, conceptology personology. The authors paper consider archetype, on one hand, as set indicators, which make it p...

Four groups of 15-19 adult ISA Brown hens were studied in pens to assess the relationship between social status and use of perches and nestboxes. This was to test the hypothesis that subordinate hens use these resources more by day, for avoiding dominants, but that dominants use perches more at night, for roosting. The experiment consisted of a 5-week pre-treatment period, when no perches were ...

It has been hypothesized that in avian social groups subordinate individuals should maintain more energy reserves than dominants, as an insurance against increased perceived risk of starvation. Subordinates might also have elevated baseline corticosterone levels because corticosterone is known to facilitate fattening in birds. Recent experiments showed that moderately elevated corticosterone le...

Social stress is a major factor in the etiology of several psychopathologies, with individuals greatly differing in vulnerability. The development of appropriate animal models of social stress is, thus, a major challenge of modern bio-medical research. Adult male mice were subjected to a new model of chronic psychosocial stress in which resident/intruder dyads live chronically in sensory contac...

Cooperatively breeding groups include individuals that give up some current reproductive opportunities while remaining in a group. In some cases, these individuals are physiologically or morphologically unable to reproduce. Empirical and theoretical evidence suggest that this inability often does not result from stress or manipulation by dominants against the interests of subordinates. I argue ...