Tra c Grooming and Wavelength Assignment in SONET/WDM Rings1 Xijun Zhang and Chunming Qiao Abstract|In high-speed SONET rings with point-to-point WDM links, the cost of SONET Add-Drop Multiplexers (SADMs) can be dominantly high. However, by grooming tra c (i.e. multiplexing lower rate streams) appropriately and using wavelength ADMs (WADMs), the number of SADMs can be dramatically reduced. In t...

This paper presents and evaluates the new Weighted Integrated Routing scheme to solve the problem of dynamic routing and traffic grooming in meshed SDH/SONET-WDM multilayer networks. Its performance is compared to non-integrated schemes using a cost model.

The emergence of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology provides the capability for increasing the bandwidth of synchronous optical network (SONET) rings by grooming low-speed traffic streams onto different high-speed wavelength channels. Since the cost of SONET add–drop multiplexers (SADM) at each node dominates the total cost of these networks, how to assign the wavelength, groom t...

We consider the role of switching in minimizing the number of electronic ports (e.g., SONET ADMs) in an optical network that carries sub-wavelength traffic. Providing nodes with the ability to switch traffic between wavelengths, such as through the use of SONET cross-connects, can reduce the required number of electronic ports. We show that only small switches distributed among the nodes in the...

Carrying IP tra c over connection-oriented networks requires the use of bandwidth on demand schemes at gateways or network interfaces. A new virtual queue occupancy, which is more accurate than the classical one, is being proposed for IP/SONET bandwidth on demand. Based on the virtual queue occupancy, two enhanced periodic approaches for lossless services, LAVQ and LAVQL, are simulated and eval...

Status of this Memo This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard of any kind. Distribution of this memo is unlimited. This memo documents a way of carrying IPv6 packets over MAPOS networks. This document is NOT the product of an IETF working group nor is it a standards track document. It has not necessarily benefited from the widespread and...

In a SONET/SDH network the frame alignment is an important function. This paper presents a component that realizes it and the section layer functionality in a SONET/SDH network. The user can choose between STS-1/STM-0 at 51.48 Mbps or STS-3/STM-1 at 154.44 Mbps operation. There are some components to do frame alignment [1] but here we present a new component with a wider range of functions. The...

Since the beginning, simulation has been an essential tool for assessing the performance of synchronization networks and of stand-alone clocks. In this paper, the issue of simulating the clock noise process in the time domain, by generating pseudo-random sequences having specified power spectrum, is studied. In particular, the so-called power-law noise is addressed, which is one of most adopted...

Increasing the share of renewable energy sources in power systems is key to a successful transition. Optimal site selection requires holistic approach, involving land, resources, environmental and economical data constraints. In this paper we consider problem solar PV penetration into network as spatiotemporal analysis combined with decision support targeted for policy makers investors. Our goa...