BACKGROUND Parasites significantly alter topological metrics describing food web structure, yet few studies have explored the relationship between food web topology and parasite diversity. METHODS/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS This study uses quantitative metrics describing network structure to investigate the relationship between the topology of the host food web and parasite diversity. Food webs were ...

In this paper, a new topology for Interline Dynamic Voltage Restorer (IDVR) is proposed. This topology contains two direct three-phase converters which have been connected together by a common fictitious dc-link. According to the kind of the disturbances, both of the converters can be employed as a rectifier or inverter. The converters receive the required compensation energy from the gird thro...

 The main purpose of this paper is to study the existence of afixed point in locally convex topology generated by fuzzy n-normed spaces.We prove our main results, a fixed point theorem for a self mapping and acommon xed point theorem for a pair of weakly compatible mappings inlocally convex topology generated by fuzzy n-normed spaces. Also we givesome remarks in locally convex topology generate...

‎Assume that $A$ is a Banach algebra‎. ‎We define the‎ ‎$beta-$topology and the $gamma-$topology on the space $QM_{el}(A^{*})$ of all bounded extended left quasi-multipliers of $A^{*}.$‎ ‎We establish further properties of $(QM_{el}(A^{*}),gamma)$ when $A$ is a $C^{*}-$algebra‎. ‎In particular‎, ‎we characterize the $gamma-$dual‎ ‎of $QM_{el}(A^{*})$ and prove that $(QM_{el}(A^{*}),gamma)^{*},$...

In this article, the ant colony method is utilized for topology optimization of space structures. Strain energy of the structure is minimized while the material volume is limited to a certain amount. In other words, the stiffest possible structure is sought when certain given materials are used. In addition, a noise cleaning technique is addressed to prevent undesirable members in optimum topol...

a. csaszar introduced and extensively studied the notionof generalized open sets. following csazar, we introduce a new notionsuperconnected. the main purpose of this paper is to study generalizedsuperconnected spaces. various characterizations of generalized super-connected spaces and preservation theorems are discussed.

Competitive intransitivity occurs when species' competitive abilities cannot be listed in a strict hierarchy, but rather form competitive loops, as in the game 'Rock-Paper-Scissors'. Indices are useful for summarizing intransitivity in communities; however, as with most indices, a great deal of information is compressed into single number. So while recent ecological theory, experiments, and nat...