Supply chain demand is often prone to fluctuations and instability. Known as the ‘bullwhip effect’, small variations in end-item demand create order and inventory oscillations that amplify from a downstream site to an upstream site. Applying a risk analysis approach, and assuming the bullwhip phenomenon as a constant reality, this paper will present the profits or losses that can accrue from va...

Sustainability in the supply chain means pushing the supply chain to focus on social, economic and environmental aspects, and addressing the existing problems in the traditional supply chain. Considering the importance of evaluating supply chain networks, especially in the field of perishable commodities, this paper aimed to design a mathematical model for the reverse supply chain of perishable...

This paper evaluates the impact of information sharing strategies on the performance of a supply chain. We consider three forms of information sharing strategies: (1) order information sharing where every stage of the supply chain only knows the orders from its immediate downstream stage; (2) demand information sharing where every stage has full information about the market demand; (3) inventor...

inventory control is one of the most important issues in supply chain management. in this paper, a three-echelon production, distribution, inventory system composed of one producer, a set of wholesalers and retailers is considered. costumers' demands can be approximated by a normal distribution and the inventory policy is a kind of continuous review (r, q). in this paper, a model based on ...

We develop a four-stage, serial supply chain inventory model with planned backorders. This supply chain model is formulated for the integer multipliers coordination mechanism, where firms at the same stage of the supply chain use the same cycle time and the cycle time at each stage is an integer multiplier of the cycle time used at the adjacent downstream stage. We develop an optimal replenishm...

Supply chain management is a set of used methods for the efficient integration of suppliers, manufacturers, warehouses, and sellers to response customer requirements to reduce system costs and to distribute products at the right place and right time. This study aims to identify and rank the supply chain damages using the analytic network process as a practical case in a fast moving consumer goo...

Recent papers in the concept of Supply Chain Network Design (SCND) have seen a rapid development in applying the stochastic models to get closer to real-world applications. Regaring the special characteristics of each product, the stracture of SCND varies. In tire industry, the recycling and remanufacturing of scraped tires lead to design a closed-loop supply chain. This paper proposes a two-st...