Human macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) is a homodimeric cytokine that is a member of a structurally related family of hormones defined by an unusual up-up-down-down alpha-helical bundle. To identify regions on the surface of M-CSF that might interact with the M-CSF receptor, single and double amino acid substitutions were introduced into a truncated form of human M-CSF alpha by site...

Innovation is critical for maintaining competitive advantage in a high tech global economy, especially for organizations or nations that do not possess low cost labor forces. Many studies on innovation attempt to identify endogenous and exogenous variables that impact innovation (Kostoff, 1997a), in order to better understand the environment that promotes innovation. The author’s recent efforts...

background: poor ovarian response phenomenon has been observed in some of the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer patients. some investigations found that follicle stimulating hormone receptor (fshr) gene plays a role in the process, but no direct evidence shows the correlation between genotypes of fshr and ovarian response. objective: exploring the molecular mechanism behind the mutation of...

background: the physiological changes in thyroid gland during pregnancy have been suggested as one of the pathophysiologic causes of preeclampsia. objective: the aim of this study was comparison of serum levels of tri?iodothyronine (t3), thyroxine (t4), and thyroid?stimulating hormone (tsh) in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy. materials and methods: in this case?control study, 40 normal pregna...

introduction genetic background has known to be associated with the outcome of human t cell lymphotropic virus (htlv) type i infection. in the present study we investigate the association between gm-csf gene polymorphisms with the outcome of htlv-i infection. materials and methods we analyzed 3 single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the promter region of granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating fa...

objective(s): granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (g-csf) is used in clinical practice for the treatment of neutropenia and to stimulate generation of hematopoietic stem cells in bone marrow donors. in the present study, the ability of g-csf in mobilizing exogenous bone marrow stem cells (bmscs) from peripheral blood into the brain was tested. we for the first time injected a small amount of ...