Recent observations have shown that the intergalactic medium (IGM) is more transparent to Lyα photons close to Lyman Break Galaxies (LBGs) than at large distance from them, i.e. a proximity effect. Cosmological simulations including winds from LBGs have been so far unable to explain this trend. By coupling such simulations with the radiative transfer code CRASH, we investigate whether the addit...

Ultrasound has been used for the treatment of a variety of cutaneous wounds, particularly venous ulcers. Many of the published studies involved application of ultrasound to the surrounding tissue rather than directly over the wound. Insonating the wound itself may enhance the healing process, but the lack of data regarding the transmission characteristics of dressings has limited the use of thi...

The extended Kalman filter (EKF) has long been recognized as a powerful, yet computationally intensive, methodology for stochastic parameter estimation. Three improvements to traditional algorithms are presented and applied to heterogeneous transmissivity estimation. First, the costly EKF covariance updates are replaced by more efficient approximations. Second, the zonation structure of the dis...

We analyze in details the properties of the conditional state recently obtained by J. Wenger et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 153601 (2004)] by means of inconclusive photon subtraction (IPS) on a squeezed vacuum state S(r)|0〉. The IPS process can be characterized by two parameters: the IPS transmissivity τ and the photodetection quantum efficiency η. We found that the conditional state approaches t...

periodontal ligament is a thin layer of soft tissue that connects root of a tooth to the surrounding alveolar bone. these ligaments play an important role in initiating tooth movement when loads are applied to teeth with orthodontic appliances. the majority of such soft tissues exhibit as viscoelastic bodies or have a time-dependent behavior. due to the viscoelastic behavior of the periodontal ...