Oxidative stress has recently been suggested to play an important role in life-history evolution, but little is known about natural variation and heritability of this physiological trait. Here, we explore phenotypic variation in resistance to oxidative stress of cross-fostered yellow-legged gull (Larus cachinnans) chicks. Resistance to oxidative stress was not related to plasma antioxidants at ...

BACKGROUND Chronic stress may facilitate the development of metabolic diseases. Insulin resistance is present long before the clinical manifestations of individual metabolic abnormalities. To explore whether chronic stress is an independent risk factor of insulin resistance, we investigated the relationship between the stress system, selected parameters of energy homeostasis, and insulin resist...

OBJECTIVE Although cumulative evidence suggests that increased oxidative stress may lead to insulin resistance in vivo or in vitro, community-based studies are scarce. This study examined the longitudinal relationships of oxidative stress biomarkers with the development of insulin resistance and whether these relationships were independent of obesity in nondiabetic young adults. RESEARCH DESI...

Animals have many ways of protecting themselves against stress; for example, they can induce animal-wide, stress-protective pathways and they can kill damaged cells via apoptosis. We have discovered an unexpected regulatory relationship between these two types of stress responses. We find that C. elegans mutations blocking the normal course of programmed cell death and clearance confer animal-w...

This paper presents the effect of geogrid tensile strength by calculating pullout resistance and geogrid-soil interaction mechanism. In order to investigate this interface, a series of pullout tests have been conducted by large scale reformed direct shear test apparatus in both cohesive and granular soils. In numerical, finite difference software FLAC3D has been carried out on experimental test...

Objective Antenatal anxiety or maternal stress is a prevalent chronic mental disorder in pregnant women. We assessed the effect of maternal stress because of positive aneuploidy screening results on the alteration of uterine artery’s blood flow. MaterialsAndMethods A prospective cohort (one sample) study as a pilot study was done at a hospital in Tehran. Sixty pregnant women who were candidates...

to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of l-carnitine on resistance to temperature and salinity stresses in sobaity fry, an experiment was carried out with 240 pieces of fish with average initial weight of 3.01±0.03 g for 10 weeks. experimental treatments were consisted of four levels of 0, 500, 1000 and 1800 (respectively control, lc500, lc1000 and lc1800) mg l-carnitine per kg o...

Obesity-linked insulin resistance greatly increases the risk for type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, together known as the metabolic or insulin resistance syndrome. How obesity promotes insulin resistance remains incompletely understood. Plasma concentrations of free fatty acids and proinflammatory cytokines, endoplasmic reticulum ( ER) stress, an...

Obesity places major demands on the protein folding capacity of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), resulting in ER stress, a condition that promotes hepatic insulin resistance and steatosis. Here we identify the transcription factor, Kruppel-like factor 15 (KLF15), as an essential mediator of ER stress-induced insulin resistance in the liver. Mice with a targeted deletion of KLF15 exhibit increase...

In all eukaryotic kingdoms, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play critical roles in cellular responses to environmental cues. These MAPKs are activated by phosphorylation at highly conserved threonine and tyrosine residues in response to specific inputs, leading to their accumulation in the nucleus and the activation of their downstream targets. A specific MAP kinase can regulate diffe...