Active mud volcanoes in the northern Apennines, Italy, currently have gentle eruptions. There are, however, historical accounts of violent eruptions and outbursts. Evidence for large past eruptions is also recorded by large decimeter rock clasts preserved in erupted mud. We measured the rheological properties of mud currently being erupted in order to evaluate the conditions needed to transport...

Knowledge on diversity and distribution of algae and cyanobacteria in subaerial habitats still lags considerably behind those of freshwater and marine environments. Hoffmann (1989) pointed to some obstacles complicating studies on algal species composition in terrestrial localities. Particularly, morphological simplicity of many aero-terrestrial microalgae, resulting from selection pressure for...

The ability of Aspergillus niger conidia to produce conidiophores after germination in shaken culture at 30" was stimulated by the inclusion of glutamate in the medium. Incubation of the conidia at 35" to 41" increased swelling of the conidia and also the proportion which produced conidiophores. Although conidio phore initiation was stimulated at temperatures between 35" and 41 ", maturation wa...

The chlorophycean genus Jenufa includes chlorelloid green microalgae with an irregularly spherical cell outline and a parietal perforated chloroplast with numerous lobes. Two species of the genus are known from tropical microhabitats. However, sequences recently obtained from various temperate subaerial biofilms indicate that members of the Jenufa lineage do not only occur in the tropics. In th...

Negative carbon isotope anomalies in carbonate rocks bracketing Neoproterozoic glacial deposits in Namibia, combined with estimates of thermal subsidence history, suggest that biological productivity in the surface ocean collapsed for millions of years. This collapse can be explained by a global glaciation (that is, a snowball Earth), which ended abruptly when subaerial volcanic outgassing rais...

The objective of this study was to evaluate subaerial taliks’ geology, configuration, ground temperature and groundwater level in the continuous permafrost environment Central Yakutia (Eastern Siberia). included geophysical surveys, borehole drilling measurements variation a talik aquifer Shestakovka research watershed. occupies gentle, sandy slope covered by sparse pine forest. Its thickness v...

The documentation of proteinaceous soft tissues in fossils from deep time remains controversial. Often this has been attributed to the laboratory or other modes modern contamination. Here we provide incontrovertible evidence for preservation moieties Maastrichtian dinosaur eggshell using pyrolysis-GC×GC-TOFMS. presence nitrogen-bearing organic molecules along with diketodipyrrole suggests that ...