The paper investigates a two-echelon production-delivery supply chain model for products with stochastic demand and backorder-lost sales mixture under trade-credit financing. manufacturer delivers the retailer’s order quantity in number of equal-sized shipments. replenishment lead-time is such that it can be crashed to minimum duration at an additional cost treated as investment. Shortages inve...

Supply chain management aims to integrate environmental thinking with efficient energy consumption into supply management. It includes a flexible manufacturing process, more product delivery customers, optimum consumption, and reduced waste. The process can be made through volume agility. In this scenario, production cannot constant, the concept of agility, is taken as decision variable under e...

The main purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimal retailer’s replenishment decisions for deteriorating items under two levels of trade credit policy to reflect supply chain management situation within the economic production quantity (EPQ) framework. In this paper, it is assumed that the retailer maintains a powerful decision-making right and can obtain the full trade credit offered ...

In-transit inventory financing is gaining popularity as an alternative way to access financing. However, compared with other means such trade credit and bank loans, the effects on supply chain of a third-party logistics provider (TPL) providing in-transit are seldom investigated. This study adopts channel competition model examine impact chain. Through comparative analysis conventional approach...

This paper analyzes the association between aggregate default and recovery rates on credit assets, and seeks to empirically explain this critical relationship. We examine recovery rates on corporate bond defaults, over the period 1982-2002. Our econometric univariate and multivariate models explain a significant portion of the variance in bond recovery rates aggregated across all seniority and ...

Credit risk management is becoming more and more important in recent years. When a company deals with a financial problem, it may not be able to fulfill its financial obligations, which can cause direct and indirect financial losses to shareholders, creditors, investors and other people in the community. Advanced credit risk models that are based on market value include improving credit quality...

We study the effects of credit risk in a supply chain where one retailer deals with competing risky suppliers who may default during their production lead-times. The suppliers, who compete for business with the retailer by establishing wholesale prices, are leaders in a Stackelberg game with the retailer. The retailer, facing uncertain future demand, chooses order quantities while weighing the ...

The classical economic order quantity model of Wilson’s was developed with the assumption that the buyer must pay off immediately on arrival of the goods in the inventory system. In fact, offering buyers to delays payment for goods received is considered as a sales promotional tool in the business world. With offer of trade credit, vendor increases sales, attracts more buyers and reduces on – h...

An inventory model is formulated with type-2 fuzzy parameters under trade credit policy and solved by using Generalized Hukuhara derivative approach. Representing demand parameter of each expert's opinion is a membership function of type-1 and thus, this membership function again becomes fuzzy. The final opinion of all experts is expressed by a type-2 fuzzy variable. For this present problem, t...

Advertisement of the product is an important factor in inventory analysis. Also, price and stock have an important role to attract more customers in the competitive business situations. Trade credit policy is another important role in inventory analysis. We have combined these three factors together in a two-warehouse inventory model and represented it mathematically. In addition, we have added...